Chap 8 - E-STIM Flashcards
How can the application of electrical currents benefit the patient? What are the clinical uses.
- Pain control
- muscle strengthening and re-education
- decrease muscle spasm
- wound healing
explain the physiological effects of each physical agent #8
by depolarizing the nerve membranes and thereby producing action potentials, the message unit of the nervous system . Once that acton potential is propagated along eh axon, the human body responds to it in the same way as it does to action potentials that are initiated by physiological stimuli
what is action potential
The basic unit of nerve communication
what does IFC mean
interferential current
NMES
neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Inotophoresis
delivery of medication
What is gate control
stopping the pain at the spinal cord level. tricking the body to focus on the vibrations. Not treating the condition just blocking the pain.
Parameters for conventional TENS
- PPS (pulse frequency) 100 to 150
- PD (pulse width, duration) 50-80 us
- C-continuous
- produce tingling only -no muscle contraction
- can be worn 24hrs but not recommended
Acupuncture-like TENS
- uses the burst mode units of 10s
- PPS=2-10
- PD (pulse duration, width) 200-300
- visible contraction
- tx time 20-30 mins
- release endorphins
Typically TENS is used for what type of pain
Chronic (more than six months)
Note when you are doing IFC use always use the same pulse frequency (rate) of….
PPS (pulse rate or frequency)
low beat is 100pps (hz)
high beat is 150pps(hz)
What sensation testing would you use for Electrical stimulation
Light touch is sufficient
placement of electrodes TENS
- clean skin with alcohol pads
- around the painful area
- doesn’t matter crossed or parallel patterns
- make sure setting are correct
- explain the what they will be feeling (tingling)
If the patient accommodates to the continuous setting what can you do and why?
turn it to the modulation setting so it comes in waves and it will take them a longer time to accommodate to the tx.
Contra for ES
P- pace maker
C- Carotid sinus (don’t place over)
A- Arterial thrombosis or thrombophlebitis (blood clot cause embolism)
P- pregnant women’s abdomen or back
precaution for ES
O- open wounds M- malignant tumore 5-7 yrs (not benign) I- impaired mentation M I- impaired sensation C- Cardiac disease S- skin irritation
Longer pulses and high current amplitudes are used for what type of stimulation?
200-400 us
Motor stimulation
Short pulses and low current amplitudes are used for what type of sensory?
100-300 us
Sensory stimulation
Ramp up time /Ramp down time
time it takes stimulator to go from no current to its maximum intensity
Acetate (bone spurs)- for ionto
source - Acetic acid
plarity- Negative
indications- calcium deposits
concentration-2.5-5
Dexamethasone phosphate- for ionto
-source- DexNa, PO3
-polarity-negative
-indications- inflammation
concentration-.4
Lidocaine
- source- lidocaine with epinephrine
- polarity-positive
- indications- local anesthetic
- concentration- 5
Pulse current
the period when current is flowing in any direction
A waveform produced by the interference of two medium frequency sinusoidal alternate currents of slightly different frequencies.
Mrs T notes
2 channel wave form produced by 2 medium frequency alternating currents to produce eats
interferential current
the frequency modulation of an interferential current
sweep
the time from the beginning of the first phase of a pulse to the end of the last phase of a pulse
Pulse duration
A continuous unidirectional flow of charged particles
Direct current (DC)
a continuous flow of charged particles without interruptions or breaks
Continuous current
the positive electrode
Anode
Cathode
the negative electrode (way to remember C is for Cat and if you don’t like cats that is negative)