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Manual Skills > Hydrotherapy > Flashcards

Hydrotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrotherapy

A

the use of water in any of its three forms: liquid, solid or vapor, internally or externally, in the prevention, treatment or healing of any ailment or disease

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2
Q

Know and understand all the indications of your treatments

A

Yes

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3
Q

Know and understand all the contraindications and precautions of your treatments

A

Yes

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4
Q

Maintain detailed records of your patients treatment and review these records before…

A

Every treatment

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5
Q

When should you take the time to fully explain the hydrotherapy procedure to your patient

A

Before the treatment starts

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6
Q

Clarity =

A

Safety

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7
Q

Monitor your patient closely and comfort at all times

A

Yes

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8
Q

Your patient must be thoroughly and evenly warm before any treatment begins. Never…

A

Cold on cold patient

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9
Q

What should you do if your patient is chilled by the treatment (i.e goose flesh, feels chilly)

A

Stop treatment immediately and warm your patient

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10
Q

After warm/hot treatments, it’s should be followed by

A

A rest period

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11
Q

After cool/cold treatments, it should be followed by

A

Light, monitored exercise

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12
Q

Circadian rhythm heating phase

A

3am - 3pm

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13
Q

Circadian rhythm cooling phase

A

3pm - 3am

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14
Q

Intense treatments are best done in

A

The morning

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15
Q

Medium treatments are best done in

A

The afternoon

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16
Q

Light treatments are best done in

A

The evening

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17
Q

The heat application should be bigger and longer than

A

The cold

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18
Q

Always end with

A

Cold

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19
Q

In contrast treatments there should be a minimum of ______ in temperature

A

10 degree difference

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20
Q

Uses

A

• Relieve pain and discomfort (ie. analgesic)
• First aid (PRICE in sports or acute injuries)
• Pre-heat for massage or exercise
• Promote relaxation and reduction of stress
• Increase circulation to skin, extremities and joints
• Stimulate immune system
• An exercise environment (pool exercises assist in increasing joint ROM)
• Increase joint ROM (eg. using paraffin wax in the treatment of non
acute arthritis)

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21
Q

Indications

A

• Pain and inflammation
• Sports injuries, overuse injuries, repetitive strain injuries
• Stress
• Insomnia
• Decreased ROM
• Patients that are weak, bedridden or unable to support their weight (eg.
wheelchair, rehab)
• Hypertoned muscles
• Arthritis (not in acute/flared up stage, no extremes of temperature)
• Decreased circulation, poor or sluggish circulation

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22
Q

Physiological Effects of water

A

• Thermal
• Mechanical
• Chemical

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23
Q

Thermal

A

Using temperatures above or below the normal human body temperature

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24
Q

Mechanical

A

Friction to the skin (ex. Salt glow)
Strike to the skin (ex. Jets in a hot tub)

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25
Q

Chemical

A
  • Dissolve substance in water
    applied to skin (ex. Compress or poultice)
    -absorbed (ex. Epsom salt bath)
    -Inhaled (ex. Steam with eucalyptus***)
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26
Q

Classification of hydrotherapy

A

Constitutional
Regional
Local

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27
Q

Constitutional

A

treats whole person/body (eg. Fullbath, steam, IRS)

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28
Q

Regional

A

treats a section/part of body (eg. CAB, CFB, abdominal wash)

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29
Q

Local

A

treats a small area/part of body (eg. ice massage, heat pack)

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30
Q

Precautions to hydrotherapy

A

Cold
Heat
Hydrostatic pressure

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31
Q

Cold precaution

A

avoid further injury, such as returning to vigorous activity after ice or cryotherapy, avoid application of ice over bony areas and superficial nerves

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32
Q

Heat precaution

A

Monitor your patient’s reactions, the medical condition of the patient (ie. Multiple Sclerosis) to tolerate heat, and the ability to generate sweat must be considered

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33
Q

Hydrostatic pressure precaution

A

This pressure is exerted to the venous system from immersion of the body in water. Hydrostatic pressure increases with water depth. Monitor patient reactions and the medical condition of the patient. (eg. patients with a cardiovascular condition, pregnancy, arteriosclerosis)

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34
Q

Cold contraindications

A

• Very high/low blood pressure
• Pleurisy (inflammation of pleura, tissue around lungs, tissue is fragile)
• Raynaud’s disease in flared up stage (impaired ability for blood vessels to
constrict & relax)
• Hypersensitivity to cold (a negative reaction is hives, or increased pain)
• Peripheral neuropathy (lack of or diminished sensation in the extremities, caution
with diabetes)
• Previous history of frostbite to the area
• Sinusitis (tissues are already constricted due to nasal congestion)
• NEVER cold on a chilled/cold patient

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35
Q

Heat contraindications

A

•Very high/low blood pressure
•Circulatory dysfunction (hemophilia, varicose veins, numbness, severe diabetes, kidney disease)
•Infections (open wounds, burns, sores)
•Cancer (unless palliative care and/or MD approved)
•Tuberculosis (fragile lung tissue)
•Acute inflammation, high fever
•Medications (any medication that impairs sensation, pain relievers, blood thinners, corticosteroids)

36
Q

General negative reactions to heat and cold

A

the result is unexpected, unusual and abnormal

37
Q

Negative reactions to heat and cold may appear in the following situations

A

• Too cold, too long
• Too hot, too long
• Extreme contrast treatments
• Patient cold before treatment started
• Weak or fatigued patient
• Too intense of a treatment
• Low blood sugar

38
Q

Negative reactions to heat and cold signs and symptoms

A

• Dizziness
• Headaches
• Heart palpitations
• Nausea
• Light headed
• Fainting
• Shivering
• Skin sensitivity
• Insomnia

39
Q

__ mins hot
__secs cold
X __

A

3
30
3

40
Q

Treatment protocol in case of a negative reaction

A
  1. Stop the treatment
  2. If the patient is pale – have patient lie down, recovery position, raise feet
  3. If the patient is stuffy – have patient sit upright, try using semi-fowlers
  4. Reassure and stay with the patient, have patient take slow deep breaths
  5. If in clinic, inform the clinic instructor
  6. Document results
41
Q

4 main types of negative reactions to heat or cold

A
  1. Arterial
  2. Venous
  3. Paradox
  4. Combined
42
Q

Arterial

A

appears after exposure to extended cold, after abrupt contrast, or intense heat

43
Q

Arterial signs

A

Red-white spotting of the skin
Patient’s arm will hurt

44
Q

Arterial causes

A

• Extended intense cold (too cold, too long)
• Intense heat
• Abrupt contrasts (ie) kamikaze contrasts

45
Q

Arterial treatment

A

• Stop the treatment
• Gently dry off affected area
• A carefully dosed warm application (increasing temperature foot or arm bath).
• Rest patient, stay with the patient
• If in clinic inform clinic instructor
• Document reaction

46
Q

Venous

A

Appear after exposure to extended heat

47
Q

Venous signs

A

Blue-red spotting of the skin

48
Q

Venous causes

A

extended heat (too hot, too long)

49
Q

Venous treatment

A

• Stop the treatment
• Dry off
• Active exercises
• Raise the affected area (get blood back to heart) stay with the patient
• If in clinic inform clinic Instructor
• Document reaction

50
Q

Paradox reaction

A

Response opposite of what should occur

51
Q

Combined reaction

A

Two extremes of temperature variations

52
Q

Combined reaction signs

A

Red-blue skin discoloration

53
Q

Combined reaction causes

A

• Due to extreme temperature in alternating applications
• Can also occur when the patient is exhausted

54
Q

Combined reaction treatment

A

treatment for the corresponding conditions should be used

55
Q

Properties of water

A

Buoyancy
Hydrostatic pressure
Water resistance
Specific heat
Latent heat of fusion
Heat conductivity
Chemical properties
Electrical properties
Portability

56
Q

Buoyancy

A

Helps to make us float

57
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Pressure that is caused by a mass of fluid that is exerted on body when immersed in water

58
Q

Specific heat

A

The capacity of a substance to store heat

59
Q

Latent heat of fusion

A

Heat liberated or absorbed by substance as it changes phase

60
Q

Heat conductivity

A

Heat is the total kinetic energy of an object. Heat can be transferred to other materials through convection, conduction, evaporation, radiation

61
Q

Chemical properties

A

Properties that change the characteristics of water

62
Q

Normal body temp is

A

37 degrees

63
Q

Methods of heat transfer

A

Conduction
Convection
Conversion/radiation
Evaporation

64
Q

Conduction

A

The exchange of thermal energy between two bodies where there is direct physical contact

65
Q

Convection

A

The transfer of heat by moving currents, in a liquid or a gas

66
Q

Conversion/radiation

A

Conversion of heat into electromagnetic waves

67
Q

Evaporation

A

Convection of liquid into vapour

68
Q

The local effect of heat on the body is determined by the following

A

Frequency
Intensity
Duration
Surface area

69
Q

Frequency

A

The rate at which the energy is being added to the tissue

70
Q

Intensity

A

The extent of the temperature rise

71
Q

Duration

A

The length of time of exposure

72
Q

Surface area

A

The volume of tissue exposed

73
Q

Physiological local changes that occur as the result of the application of heat

A

Vasodilation of vessels
Increase in local blood flow
Increased collagen extensibility
Increased local tissue metabolism
Nerve simulation
Affects muscle spindles

74
Q

Disadvantages of heat

A

May cause swelling
Can burn tissues if not carefully monitored

75
Q

Local effect of cold upon the body is determined by

A

Frequency
Intensity
Duration
Surface area

76
Q

Physiological local changes that result in the application of cold

A

Local vasoconstriction of vessels
Counterirritant effects
Metabolic changes
Analgesic
Control of inflammatory process
Decrease muscle spasm

77
Q

Disadvantages of cold

A

• May increase stiffness and decrease tissue extensibility
• Patient may develop hives
• May cause burns if not properly monitored

78
Q

Reflex effects of heat and cold

A

effects that occur elsewhere in the body via the nervous system when a sufficient or intense heat or cold stimulus is applied to a local area

79
Q

Vasomotor or circulatory

A

Circulatory changes from contraction of smooth muscle in walls or blood vessels

80
Q

Visceromotor or muscular

A

Changes in the smooth muscles of organs causes movement in a organ

81
Q

Secretory or glandular

A

Glandular stimulation increased eliminated mucous, hormones, enzymes

82
Q

Acute inflammation timeline

A

0 - 4 days

83
Q

Acute inflammation should always be treated with

A

Cold

84
Q

Sub-acute inflammation timeline

A

3 days - 6 weeks

85
Q

Sub-acute inflammation should be treated with

A

Contrast

86
Q

Chronic inflammation timeline

A

6 weeks - years

87
Q

Chronic inflammation should be treated with

A

Heat

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