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UROLOGY > HYDRONEPHROSIS > Flashcards

HYDRONEPHROSIS Flashcards

1
Q

U/L HYDRONEPHROSIS: CAUSES
🧠⚡PACT-U ⚡

A
  1. PUJ obstruction
    ✨ Congenital
    ✨ Acquired
  2. Aberrent Renal Vessels
  3. Calculi (Renal Stones)
  4. Transitional Cell Cancer of Renal Pelvis
  5. Tumours of Renal Pelvis
  6. Ureterocele
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2
Q

⚡⚡ MOST COMMON CAUSE of ACQUIRED HYDRONEPHROSIS

A

Renal Stones

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3
Q

⚡⚡ MOST COMMON CONGENITAL CAUSE OF U/L HYDRONEPHROSIS

A

PUJ OBSTRUCTION

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4
Q

U/L HYDRONEPHROSIS: INTRALUMINAL CAUSES

A
  1. Stones
  2. Sloughed papilla (Papillary Necrosis)
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5
Q

U/L HYDRONEPHROSIS: INTRAMURAL CAUSES (Inside wall)

A
  1. PUJ Obstruction
  2. Ureterocele
  3. Inflammatory STRICTURES
  4. NEOPLASMS
    ✨ Ureter
    ✨ Bladder Cancer
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6
Q

U/L HYDRONEPHROSIS: EXTRA-LUMINAL CAUSES

A
  1. Aberrant RENAL VESSELS
  2. Advanced Cancers from adjacent sites:
    ✨ Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma
    ✨ Uterine Cancer
    ✨ Ca CERVIX
    ✨ CA COLON
    ✨ CA PROSTATE
    ✨ CA RECTUM
  3. Retrocaval Ureter
  4. Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
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7
Q

🩺 IOC for PUJ Obstruction

A

MAG3 Scan

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8
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of SYMPTOMATIC PUJ OBSTRUCTION

A

Anderson Hynes Dismembered Pyeloplasty

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9
Q

Ureterocele meaning

A

Dilatation of TERMINAL ENDS of Ureter

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10
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of Ureterocele

A
  1. Excision of Terminal End & Re-implantation of URETER
  2. Endoscopic Surgery
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11
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of Aberrant Renal Vessels

A

Extra Renal Artery
⭐ NEVER CUT ABERRENT VESSELS

PYELOPLASTY

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12
Q

Identify B

A

Retrocaval URETER
⬇️
Right sided URETER goes behind the IVC
IVC will compress the ureter
⬇️
U/L HYDRONEPHROSIS

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13
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of RETROCAVAL URETER

A
  1. LATERALIZATION of URETER
    ⬇️ if fails
  2. Resection & Anastamosis (URETERO-URETEROSTOMY)
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14
Q

Causes of B/L HYDRONEPHROSIS
🧠⚡SUP²ER ⚡

A
  1. Stenosis: URETHRA
  2. Urethral Valve: PUV
  3. Prostatic ENLARGEMENT (BPH, Ca Prostate)
  4. Phimosis
  5. Extensive Bladder TUMOUR
  6. Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
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15
Q

Ormond’s DISEASE

A

Synonyms of RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS

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16
Q

Causes of RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS
🧠⚡DSLA⚡

A
  1. Drugs
    ✨ Methysergide
    ✨ Bromocriptine
    ✨ Methyl DOPA
    ✨ Beta blockers
  2. SMOKING
  3. LYMPHOMA
  4. AUTOIMMUNE: IgG4 Related Disorders
  5. Post Radiotherapy
17
Q

1st STRUCTURE TO BE INVOLVED IN RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS

A

URETER

18
Q

⭐ In RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS, BOTH URETERS _____________

⭐ In SOFT TISSUE SRACOMA, BOTH URETERS _____________

A

⭐ In RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS, BOTH URETERS _____________
🎯 COMES CLOSE TO EACH OTHER

⭐ In SOFT TISSUE SRACOMA, BOTH URETERS _____________
🎯 DIVERGE FROM EACH OTHER

19
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of HYDRONEPHROSIS in RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS

A

✨ Double J stent (DJ STENT)
✨ Steroids
✨ 💊💉 MANAGEMENT of 1° CAUSE

20
Q

Hy

A
21
Q

Renal ISOTOPE SCANS

A
  1. DMSA
  2. DTPA
  3. MAG3
22
Q

DMSA SCAN helps to assess
🧠⚡S ⚡

A

Scarring & Structure of Kidney

23
Q

Function of the KIDNEY can be determined by which isotope scans

A
  1. DTPA
  2. MAG3 (BEST)
24
Q

FINDINGS of MAG3 SCAN

A
  1. Total GFR
  2. Differential GFR (GFR of each KIDNEY)
25
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of HYDRONEPHROSIS
⭐ Hydronephrotic Kidney contributes > 20% to TOTAL GFR
⭐ Hydronephrotic Kidney contributes 10-20% to TOTAL GFR
⭐ Hydronephrotic Kidney contributes < 10% to TOTAL GFR

A

⭐ Hydronephrotic Kidney contributes > 20% to TOTAL GFR
🎯 SAVE THE KIDNEY: Manage 1° Abnormalities

⭐ Hydronephrotic Kidney contributes 10-20% to TOTAL GFR
🎯 NEPHROSTOMY
⬇️
✨ If Function IMPROVES ➡️ SAVE Kidney
✨ If Function does not IMPROVES ➡️ NEPHRECTOMY

⭐ Hydronephrotic Kidney contributes < 10% to TOTAL GFR
🎯 NEPHRECTOMY

26
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of HYDRONEPHROSIS

A

⭐ Hydronephrotic Kidney contributes > 20% to TOTAL GFR
🎯 SAVE THE KIDNEY: Manage 1° Abnormalities

27
Q

Identify

A

NEPHROSTOMY
⬇️
Artificial opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for the urinary diversion directly from the upper part of the urinary system

28
Q

VESICOURETERIC REFLUX (VUR)
Gender predominance

A

⭐ < 3 months: ♂️ > ♀️
⭐ > 3 months: ♀️ > ♂️

29
Q

🩺 IOC for VUR

A

MCU (MICTURATING CYSTOURETHROGRAM)

30
Q

Grading of VUR
🧠⚡NUDGE ⚡

A
31
Q

🧑🏻‍⚕️ Clinical Features of VUR

A

RECURRENT UTI
➕
Pain
Fever
Renal Scarring

32
Q

COMPLICATIONS of VUR

A
  1. Chronic Pyelonephritis
  2. Hypertension
33
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of VUR

A
34
Q

HIT & STING PROCEDURES are used for

A

Endoscopic MANAGEMENT OF VUR

35
Q

Lead Better Politano Technique used for

A

Ureter REIMPLANTATION

UROLOGY (12 decks)

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