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UROLOGY > BLADDER > Flashcards

BLADDER Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of FOLEY’S CATHETER

A
  1. Ballon
  2. Drainage
  3. Irrigation: to prevent clot retention
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2
Q

Size of FOLEY’S CATHETER
🧠⚡GORY ⚡
🧠⚡Gand Chod (14) ⚡
🧠⚡ YellOw ➡️ II0 ➡️ 20 ⚡
🧠⚡ Tan = Ten⚡

A
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3
Q

French constitutes what of the FOLEY’S CATHETER

A

Outer Circumference

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4
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of STUCK FOLEY BALLON

A

USG guided SUPRAPUBIC PUNCTURE of Ballon

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5
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of PERICATHETER LEAKAGE

A

✨ INFLATE the BALLON further
✨ Large sized FOLEY’S

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6
Q

🌸 TYPES of FOLEY’S CATHETER

A
  1. Rubber
  2. Silicon
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7
Q

Duration for which FOLEY’s CATHETER can be kept in place

A
  1. Rubber: 7 days
  2. Silicon: 30-35 days
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8
Q

Benefit of SILICONE FOLEY’S CATHETER

A

Less Bacterial Colonization

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9
Q

🩺 IOC for BLADDER TRAUMA
⭐ STABLE patient
⭐ UNSTABLE patient

A

⭐ STABLE patient
🎯 CT UROGRAPHY / CT CYSTOGRAM

⭐ UNSTABLE patient
🎯 CYSTOGRAM

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10
Q

🧑🏻‍⚕️ Clinical Features of EXTRAPERITONEAL BLADDER TRAUMA

A
  1. 2° PELVIC TRAUMA
  2. Blood at TIP OF MEATUS
  3. Inability to PASS URINE
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11
Q

EXTRAPERITONEAL BLADDER TRAUMA is ASSOCIATED with

A
  1. 2° to PELVIC TRAUMA
  2. PROXIMAL URETHRAL INJURY
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12
Q

🧑🏻‍⚕️ Clinical Features of INTRAPERITONEAL BLADDER TRAUMA

A
  1. Syncopal Attack
  2. Peritonitis
  3. Pain in Abdomen
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13
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of EXTRAPERITONEAL BLADDER TRAUMA

A

⭐ 7 DAYS
FOLEY’S CATHETER
(OR)
SUPRAPUBIC CATHETER

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14
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of INTRAPERITONEAL BLADDER TRAUMA

A
  1. Laparotomy
  2. Repair of BLADDER in 2 layers
  3. FOLEY’S or SUPRAPUBIC catheterization
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15
Q

Types of BLADDER DIVERTICULUM

A

🎯 CONGENITAL
🎯 PULSION

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16
Q

Congenital BLADDER DIVERTICULUM occurs in the region of

A

Persistent URACHUS

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17
Q

⭐ Location of Congenital BLADDER DIVERTICULUM

A

✨ MIDLINE
✨ ANTERO-SUPERIOR Direction

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18
Q

PULSION BLADDER seen in

A

DUE TO: INCREASED BLADDER PRESSURE
🎯 BPH
🎯 BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION

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19
Q

Location on PULSION BLADDER DIVERTICULUM

A

Near the URETERIC ORIFICE

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20
Q

🩺⚔️ Clinical Features of BLADDER DIVERTICULA

A
  1. Frequency ⬆️
  2. UTI ⬆️
  3. Posture change cause Urge to pass urine
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21
Q

Complications of BLADDER DIVERTICULUM

A
  1. Stone Formation
  2. UTI Recurrent
  3. Obstruction
  4. Cancer
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22
Q

💊💉MANAGEMENT of BLADDER DIVERTICULUM

A

Diverticulectomy

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23
Q

Genes associated with Bladder Cancer

A
  1. NAT2
  2. GSTM1 (Mu gene)
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24
Q

Cancers in BLADDER: Types

A
  1. Transitional cell Carcinoma: ⚡⚡ MOST COMMON
  2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  3. Adenocarcinoma
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25
Q

⚒️ RISK FACTORS for TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA
🧠💡3C💡

A
  1. Cyclophosphamide
  2. Chemicals: Aniline Dyes
  3. Cigarette SMOKING
26
Q

⚒️ RISK FACTORS for SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
🧠💡2S💡

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Schistosomiasis
27
Q

⚒️ RISK FACTORS for ADENOCARCINOMA BLADDER

A

Region of PERSISTANT URACHUS & TRIGONE

28
Q

Bilharziasis

A

Premalignant condition caused by Schistosomiasis
⬇️
Leads to Bladder Cancer

29
Q

🩺⚔️ Clinical Features of BLADDER CANCER

A

Painless Gross Heamaturia

30
Q

Painless Gross Heamaturia
🎯 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 🎯

A
  1. Bladder Cancer
  2. BPH
31
Q

USG KUB in Bladder Cancer detects

A
  1. Growth (OR) Clots in Bladder
  2. Status of Lymph Node
32
Q

Investigation to confirm Bladder Cancer

A

Cystoscopy & Biopsy
⬇️
Excise the lesion using Cautery till Base, then
⬇️
Cold Cup Biopsy from Base (without cautery): Determines the depth of invasion

33
Q

🩺 IOC for staging Bladder Cancer

A

MRI

34
Q

Urinary Marker for Bladder Cancer

A

NMP-22 (Nuclear Membrane Protein 22)

35
Q

Marker which can be used to check Recurrance of Bladder Cancer

A

NMP-22

36
Q

pT in Bladder Cancer

A

Ta: Non-invasive Papillary CARCINOMA
T1: invades Lamina Propria
T2: invades Muscularis Propria
T3: invades Perivesical Tissue
T4: invades Adjacent Organs

37
Q

M staging of Bladder Cancer

A

M0 : No mets
M1
M1a : Non-regional LN only
M1b : Non-LN Distant Mets

38
Q

N1 Bladder Cancer

A

Perivesical LN involved

39
Q

Grading of Bladder Cancer

A

G1
G2
G3

40
Q

Staging of Dverticular BLADDER cancer has NO

A

T2 stage

41
Q

1st Lymph Node to drain BLADDER Cancer

A

Obturator Lymph Node

42
Q

Field Cancerization is seen in
🧠💡COB💡

A
  1. Colorectal Cancer
  2. Oral cancer
  3. BLADDER

Entire area is prone to develop Cancer
⬇️
Multiple Cancers can ARISE

43
Q

💊💉MANAGEMENT of SUPERFICIAL BLADDER Cancer

A
44
Q

💊💉MANAGEMENT of pT1 Multiple Tumours, Grade 3 & associated with in situ disease

A

Radical Cystectomy

45
Q

💊💉MANAGEMENT of T2 BLADDER CANCER

A

Surgery
⬇️
Chemotherapy
➕
Radiotherapy

46
Q

💊💉MANAGEMENT of T3 & T4 BLADDER Cancer

A

Chemotherapy
⬇️
Good Response
⬇️
Surgery ➕ Radiotherapy

47
Q

Chemotherapy regimen used for BLADDER Cancer
🧠💡M-VAC💡

A
  1. Methotrexate
  2. Vinblastine
  3. Adriamycin
  4. Cisplatin
48
Q

Intravesical Chemotherapy USED FOR
🧠💡MAT💡

A

pTa
✨ Mitomycin C
✨ Adriamycin
✨ Thiotepa

49
Q

Intravesical Immunotherapy done with

A

6 cycles of BCG

50
Q

Surgery done in Advanced BLADDER Cancer

A

Urinary Diversion
➕
1. Partial Cystectomy
2. Radical Cystectomy

51
Q

Indication of Partial Cystectomy in Bladder Cancer

A
  1. Partial Tumour involving DOME
  2. Not involving URETERIC Orifice
52
Q

RADICAL Cystectomy in Bladder Cancer
Structures Removed

A
  1. Removal of Blaader
  2. Obturator & Iliac Lymph Nodes
  3. Prostate in ♂️
  4. Urethra & Abdominal Hysterectomy in ♀️
53
Q

Urinary DIVERSION
Types

A
  1. Non-continent
    ✨ Ureterosigmoid Anastamosis
    ✨ Ileal Conduit
  2. Continent
    ✨ Creation of a NEW BLADDER
54
Q

Neobladder is creates using

A

Ileum

55
Q

⚡⚡ MOST COMMON NON-CONTINENT URINARY DIVERSION

A

Ileal Conduit

56
Q

COMPLICATIONS of Ileal Conduit

A
  1. Necrosis of Ileostomy
  2. Stricture at site of anastamosis of Ureter & Ileum
  3. Hyperchloremic Hypokalemic Metabolic Acidosis
    NAGMA
57
Q

COMPLICATIONS of Ureterosigmoid Anastomosis

A
  1. 100 times risk for development of COLON ADENOCARCINOMA
  2. ⬆️ UTI RISK
  3. Hyperchloremic Hypokalemic Metabolic Acidosis NAGMA
58
Q

⚡⚡ MOST IMPORTANT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR FOR BLADDER CANCER

A

Depth of Invasion
T-stage

59
Q

Hunner’s ulcer (OR) Interstitial Cystitis
🩺⚔️ Clinical Features

A

Seen in ♀️
1. Pain
2. ⬆️ Frequency of Micturation
3. Over distension of Bladder

60
Q

Biopsy of HUNNER’S ULCER reveal

A

Lymphocytic Infiltration

61
Q

💊💉MANAGEMENT of HUNNER’S ULCER

A
  1. Hydrostatic Dissection
  2. Dimethylsulphoxide
62
Q

Difference BETWEEN Acute & Chronic Retention of Urine

A

UROLOGY (12 decks)

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