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Part 2 > Hydromet 2.0 > Flashcards

Hydromet 2.0 Flashcards

1
Q

An area that topographically appears to contribute all the water that passes through a specified cross section of a stream (the outlet).
a. Watershed
b. Catchment area
c. Drainage basin
d. River basin
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above

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2
Q

Portion of the precipitation that makes way towards stream channels, lakes,
oceans as surface or subsurface flow.
a. Streamflow
b. Runoff
c. Infiltration
d. Seepage
e. Virga

A

b. Runoff

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3
Q

________________ provides the relationship between stream stage and
discharge.
a. Stage
b. Hydrograph
c. Rating curve
d. Unit hydrograph
e. None of the above

A

c. Rating curve

a. Stage – height of water level in a stream
b. Hydrograph – graph of runoff vs time
c. Rating curve
d. Unit hydrograph – graph of 1 unit direct runoff vs. time
e. None of the above

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4
Q

In a watershed,
a. Faster peak flows occur in flat watershed than in steep watershed.
b. Faster time to peak flows occur in an elongated watershed than circular
watershed.
c. Longer time to peak flows occur in watershed with dense drainage than in less
dense drainage.
d. Larger watershed produces larger runoff than smaller watershed.
e. Storm moving towards upstream produces larger streamflow and shorter time to
peak than storm moving towards downstream.

A

d. Larger watershed produces larger runoff than
smaller watershed.

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5
Q

A graduated scale placed in a position so that the stage of a stream may be read directly therefrom.
a. Staff gauge
b. Current meter
c. Wire-weight gauge
d. Measuring stick
e. None of the above

A

a. Staff gauge

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6
Q

By float method, the surface water velocity of a stream was 0.5 meter per sec. The estimated cross sectional area of the stream was 4.86 m2. What is the average
discharge of the stream?

a. 1.494 m3/sec
b. 1944 lps
c. 7 m3/min
d. 0.90 lpm
e. None of the above

A

𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟒 𝒍𝒑s

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7
Q

Graphical representation of runoff rate over time
a. Unit hydrograph
b. Rating curve
c. Log-probability graph
d. Hydrograph
e. Streamflow graph

A

d. Hydrograph

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8
Q

Hydrograph was made of ___________________.
a. Direct runoff only
b. Overland flow, interflow and baseflow
c. Interflow and base flow
d. Direct runoff and interflow
e. None of the above

A

b. Overland flow, interflow and baseflow

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9
Q

Direct runoff hydrograph from a unit excess precipitation that occurs uniformly over a
basin.
a. Streamflow hydrograph
b. Total hydrograph
c. Unit hydrograph
d. Hydrograph
e. All of the above

A

c. Unit hydrograph

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10
Q

Unit hydrograph is made of
a. Direct runoff only
b. Overland flow, interflow and baseflow
c. Interflow and base flow
d. Direct runoff and interflow
e. None of the above

A

a. Direct runoff only

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11
Q

A chart or function describing the temporal distribution of precipitation during
a storm event, at a point, or over an area.
a. Hyetograph
b. Hydrograph
c. Hodograph
d. None of the above

A

a. Hyetograph

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12
Q

The science and practice of water flow measurement is
a. Hypsometry
b. Fluvimetry
c. Hydro-meteorology
d. Hydrometry
e. Weirs

A

d. Hydrometry
The science and practice of water flow measurement is
a. Hypsometry - measurement of the elevation and depth of features of the Earth’s surface
b. Fluvimetry – walang ganitong term
c. Hydro-meteorology
d. Hydrometry
e. Weirs – control structures in canals or streams

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13
Q

The following is not a direct stream flow determination technique
a. Dilution method
b. Ultrasonic method
c. Area-velocity method
d. Slope-area method
e. None of the above

A

d. Slope-area method

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14
Q

Direct runoff is composed of
a. Surface runoff, prompt interflow and channel precipitation
b. Surface runoff, infiltration and evapotranspiration
c. Overland flow and infiltration
d. Rainfall and evaporation
e. None of the above

A

a. Surface runoff, prompt interflow and channel precipitation

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15
Q

The term base flow denotes
a. Delayed groundwater flow reaching a stream
b. Delayed groundwater flow and snowmelt reaching a stream
c. Delayed groundwater and interflow
d. Annual minimum flow in a stream
e. None of the above

A

a. Delayed groundwater flow reaching a stream

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16
Q

An intermittent stream
a. Has water table above the stream bed through out the year
b. Has only flash flows in response to storms
c. Has flows in the stream during wet season due to contribution of
groundwater
d. Does not have any contribution of groundwater at any time
e. None of the above

A

c. Has flows in the stream during wet season due to
contribution of groundwater

Intermittent stream - A stream that carries water a considerable portion of the time, but that ceases to flow occasionally or seasonally because bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed the available water supply.
Ephemeral stream - A stream channel that carries water only during and immediately after periods of rainfall or snowmelt.
Perennial stream - A stream that contains water at all times except during extreme drought.

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17
Q

For a given storm, assuming other factors remain constant
a. Basin having low drainage density give smaller peaks in flood hydrograph
b. Basin with large drainage densities give smaller flood peaks
c. Low drainage density basins give shorter time bases of hydrograph
d. Flood peak is independent of the drainage density
e. Large drainage density basins produce longer time bases of hydrograph

A

a. Basin having low drainage density give smaller peaks in
flood hydrograph

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18
Q

A unit hydrograph has one unit of
a. Peak discharge
b. Direct runoff
c. Rainfall duration
d. Time base of direct runoff
e. None of the above

A

b. Direct runoff

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19
Q

Groundwater is also known as
a. Water table
b. Saturated zone
c. Vadose zone
d. Phreatic water
e. All of the above

A

d. Phreatic water

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20
Q

A rise in a liquid above the level of zero pressure due to a net upward force produced by the attraction of the water molecules to a solid surface.
a. Surface tension
b. Capillary rise
c. Upwelling
d. Downwelling
e. None of the above

A

b. Capillary rise

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21
Q

A water bearing geologic formation or stratum capable of transmitting water
through its pores at a rate sufficient for economic extraction by wells.
a. Aquiclude
b. Aquifer
c. Aquifuge
d. Aquitard
e. All of the above

A

b. Aquifer

  1. Aquifer - A water bearing geologic formation or stratum capable of transmitting water through its pores at a rate sufficient for economic extraction by wells. The ease transmission of water in due to its high permeability. Formations of good aquifers have unconsolidated sand and gravel.
  2. Aquiclude - A geologic formation, which can absorb water but cannot transmit significant amounts. Clay
    formations are example of an aquiclude.
  3. Aquitard - A geologic formation of rather impervious nature, which transmits water at a slow rate compared to an aquifer (insufficient for pumping from wells). Aquitard formations are sandy clay.
  4. Aquifuge - A geologic formation with no interconnected pores and hence can neither absorb nor transmit water. These are formations made of massive compact rocks without any fractures.
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22
Q

Well drilled into an artesian aquifer and water rises above the ground like a
spring.
a. Free flowing well
b. Non-free flowing well
c. Water table wells
d. Shallow well
e. None of the above

A

a. Free flowing well

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23
Q

Measures the water bearing capacity of a geologic formation.
a. Porosity
b. Void ratio
c. Specific retention
d. Specific yield
e. Storage coefficient

A

a. Porosity

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24
Q

The percentage volume of water of an aquifer, which will not drain by gravity.
a. Specific retention
b. Specific yield
c. Storage coefficient
d. Transmissibility
e. Porosity

A

a. Specific retention
Specific retention – volume of water expressed as percentage of the total volume of saturated aquifer which will not drain by gravity. It is the ratio of the volume of water it will retain after saturation against the force of gravity to its own volume (it corresponds to the soil moisture at “field capacity”).

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25
Q

It is the volume of water that an aquifer releases from or takes into storage per unit surface area of aquifer per unit change in the component of head normal to
that surface
a. Specific retention
b. Specific yield
c. Storage coefficient
d. Transmissibility
e. Porosity

A

c. Storage coefficient

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26
Q

A stream that provides water to the water table is termed
a. Affluent
b. Influent
c. Ephemeral
d. Effluent
e. Perennial

A

b. Influent

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27
Q

Surface joining the static water levels in several wells penetrating a confined
aquifer
a. Water table surface
b. Piezometric surface
c. Capilliary fringe
d. Cone of depression
e. None of the above

A

b. Piezometric surface

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28
Q

Flowing artesian wells are expected in areas where
a. Water table is very close to the land surface
b. Aquifer is confined
c. Elevation of the piezometric head line is above the elevation of the ground surface
d. The rainfall is intense
e. All of the above

A

c. Elevation of the piezometric head line is above the elevation of the
ground surface

29
Q

Water present in artesian aquifer is usually
a. At sub atmospheric pressure
b. At atmospheric pressure
c. At 0.5 times the atmospheric pressure
d. Above atmospheric pressure
e. None of the above

A

d. Above atmospheric pressure

30
Q

The volume of water that can be extracted by force of gravity from a unit volume
of aquifer material is called
a. Specific retention
b. Specific storage
c. Specific yield
d. Specific capacity
e. None of the above

A

c. Specific yield

31
Q

Darcy’s law is valid in porous media flow if the Reynolds number is less than unity. This Reynolds number is defined as
a. (discharge velocity x maximum grain size)/μ
b. (actual velocity x average grain size)/μ
c. (discharge velocity x average grain size)/μ
d. (discharge velocity x pore size)/μ
e. None of the above

A

c. (discharge velocity x average grain size)/μ

32
Q

It is the flow capacity of an aquifer per unit width under unit hydraulic gradient and is equal to the product of permeability times the saturated thickness of the aquifer.
a. Specific retention
b. Specific yield
c. Storage capacity
d. Transmissibility
e. Specific capacity

A

d. Transmissibility

𝑇 = 𝐾𝑏 For confined aquifer
𝑇 = 𝐾𝐻 For unconfined aquifer

33
Q

When there is an increase in the atmospheric pressure, the water level in a well
penetrating a confined aquifer
a. Decreases
b. Increases
c. Does not undergo any change
d. Decreases or increases depending on the elevation of the ground
e. None of the above

A

a. Decreases

34
Q

Specific capacity of a well is the
a. Volume of water that can be extracted by the force of gravity from unit
volume of aquifer
b. Discharge per unit drawdown at the well
c. Drawdown per unit discharge of the well
d. Rate of flow through a unit width and entire thickness of the aquifer

A

b. Discharge per unit drawdown at the well

35
Q

Maximum head of shallow wells

a. 6m
b. 12m
c. 18m
d. 15m
e. None of the above

A

a. 6m

36
Q

It is the overall instantaneous condition of the atmosphere at a certain place and
time
a. Climate
b. Climatology
c. Weather
d. Hydometeorolgy
e. All of the above

A

c. Weather

37
Q

Layer of the atmosphere where all weather occurs
a. Troposphere
b. Stratosphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Thermosphere
e. All of the above

A

a. Troposphere

38
Q

Temperature at which saturation occurs
a. Dew point
b. Dry-bulb
c. Wet bulb
d. Average
e. None of the above

A

a. Dew point

39
Q

Mean atmospheric pressure at sea level
a. 14.7 psi
b. 1 atm
c. 760 mmHg
d. 1013.25 mb
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above

40
Q

Light steady rain in fine drops that are < 0.5 mm in size and intensity of <1 mm/hr.
a. Drizzle
b. Hail
c. Dew
d. Rain
e. Sleet

A

a. Drizzle

41
Q

A tropical cyclone is a
a. low-pressure area that occurs in the northern hemisphere only
b. High-pressure area with high winds
c. Zone of low pressure area with clockwise winds in the northern hemisphere
d. Zone of low pressure area with anticlockwise winds in the northern
hemisphere

A

d. Zone of low pressure area with anticlockwise winds in the northern
hemisphere

42
Q

Orographic precipitation occurs due to air masses being lifted to higher altitudes
by
a. Density difference of air masses
b. A front action
c. The presence of mountain barriers
d. Extratropical cyclones
e. None of the above

A

c. The presence of mountain barriers

43
Q

A plot between rainfall intensity vs time is called
a. Hydrograph
b. Mass curve
c. Hyetograph
d. Isohyet
e. None of the above

A

c. Hyetograph

44
Q

What do you call the mountain side, with reference to the wind direction, in which the air mass passing through it is cold and dry
a. Windward
b. Leeward
c. Rainshadow area
d. B and C
e. None of the above

A

d. B and C

45
Q

Total water lost from a cropped (or irrigated) land due to evaporation from the soil and transpiration by the plants or used by the plants in building up of plant
tissue.
a. Evapotranspiration
b. Consumptive use
c. Evaporation
d. A and B
e. None of the above

A

d. A and B

46
Q

The recommended standard method for the definition and computation of the
reference evapotranspiration.
a. Blaney-criddle
b. Modified penman
c. FAO Penman-Monteith
d. Hargreaves
e. Jensen-haise

A

c. FAO Penman-Monteith

47
Q

Data compilation method for frequency analysis where all values above a given base are chosen regardless of the number within a given period.
a. Partial duration series
b. Annual maximum series
c. Series of data with baseline’
d. A and B
e. None of the above

A

a. Partial duration series

48
Q

It is the average interval of time within the magnitude of given event will be equalled or exceeded at least on the average.
a. Payback period
b. Probability of return
c. Time of return
d. Return period
e. None of the above

A

d. Return period

49
Q

PAGASA raises a Yellow Rainfall Warning if the observed rainfall is
______________ .
a. 7.5mm – 15mm within 1 hr
b. 15mm – 30mm within 1 hr
c. More than 30mm within 1hr
d. More than 60mm for the past 3 hrs

A

a. 7.5mm – 15mm within 1 hr

50
Q

Obmrometer is
a. Rain gauge that measures very small amounts of precipitation
b. Device that measures rainfall intensity
c. Device that measures rainfall rate
d. Measures temperature
e. None of the above

A

a. Rain gauge that measures very small amounts
of precipitation

51
Q

The greatest distance at which an observer can see and identify prominent objects.
a. Horizontal visibility
b. Clouds
c. Fog
d. Dew
e. sleet

A

a. Horizontal visibility

52
Q

Air in motion relative to the earth’s surface
a. Front
b. Storm
c. Turbulence
d. Wind
e. None of the above

A

d. wind

52
Q

Wind speed is measured using
a. Thermometer
b. Pluviometer
c. Anemometer
d. Barometer
e. Hygrometer

A

c. Anemometer

a. Thermometer
b. Pluviometer – a raingauge
c. Anemometer – wind speed and direction
d. Barometer - pressure
e. Hygrometer – vapor content of the atmosphere

53
Q

Hygrometer is
a. Any device use to measure the vapor content of the atmosphere
b. Use to measure the amount of discharge in a stream
c. Any device use to measure solar radiant energy
d. Device use to measure atmospheric pressure
e. None of the above

A

a. Any device use to measure the vapor content of the atmosphere

54
Q

In synoptic weather stations, wind vector is measured _______ above the ground surface.
a. 2m
b. 5m
c. 1m
d. 10m
e. Depends with the condition

A

d. 10m

55
Q

Rain bearing clouds
a. Cumulonimbus
b. Nimbostratus
c. Altostratus
d. A and B
e. A and C

A

d. A and B

56
Q

General name for any instrument used to measure the intensity of radiant energy from the sun,
a. Actinometer
b. Hydrometer
c. Psychrometer
d. Photometer
e. None of the above

A

a. Actinometer

a. Actinometer
b. Hydrometer – measures liquid densities/S.G.
c. Psychrometer – humidity
d. Photometer – luminance
e. None of the above

Classification of actinometers:
a. Pyrheliometer - measures the intensity of direct solar radiation
b. Pyranometer - measures global radiation (the combined intensity of direct solar radiation and diffuse sky radiation)
c. Pyrgeometer - measures the effective terrestrial radiation.

Bolometer – a type of actinometer, an instrument that measures the intensity of radiant energy by employing a thermally sensitive electrical resistor.
Dosimeter - an instrument for measuring the ultraviolet in solar and sky radiation.
Photometer - An instrument for measuring the luminance, luminous intensity, or illuminance
of a light source.
Radiometer - An instrument that measures radiated electromagnetic power.

57
Q

The ratio of the mass of water vapor in a given volume of air to the mass of dry
air.
a. Relative humidity
b. Mixing ratio
c. Absolute humidity
d. Specific humidity
e. All of the above

A

b. Mixing ratio

58
Q

In calculating ET using FAO Penman-Monteith model, wind speed measurement should be taken _______above the ground.
a. 10 m
b. 1 m
c. 2 m
d. 5 m
e. None of the above

A

c. 2 m

59
Q

The envelope of gases that surround a planet and are held to it by the planet’s gravitational attraction.
a. Atmosphere
b. Clouds
c. Troposhere
d. Air
e. None of the above

A

a. Atmosphere

60
Q

Transition zone between two distinct air masses.
a. Ridge
b. Divide
c. Tropopause
d. Front
e. Stratopause

A

d. Front

61
Q

At 20°C, the required amount of energy to vaporize 1kg of water is ________.
a. 1 KJ
b. 2.45 KJ
c. 10.5 KJ
d. 5 KJ
e. 7.45 KJ

A

b. 2.45 KJ

62
Q

Term synonymous to return period
a. Recurrence interval
b. Probability of return
c. Time of return
d. Payback time
e. None of the above

A

a. Recurrence interval

63
Q

Rainfall reading of less than one-hundredth of an inch (0.01 in) or one-tenth of a
millimeter (0.1mm).
a. Hourly rainfall
b. Daily rainfall
c. Trace
d. Sleet
e. None of the above

A

c. Trace

64
Q

An increase in air temperature with height.
a. Lapse rate
b. Inversion
c. A and B
d. None of the above

A

b. Inversion

65
Q

A line that connects points of equal elevation above a reference level, most
often sea level.
a. Isohyet
b. Isobar
c. Contour
d. Streamline
e. None of the above

A

c. Contour

a. Isohyet – equal rainfall
b. Isobar – equal pressure
c. Contour
d. Streamline – wind direction
e. None of the above

66
Q

The process of water lost from adjacent soil, water surfaces and leaf surfaces.
a. Evaporation
b. Transpiration
c. Evapotranspiration
d. All of the above

A

a. Evaporation

67
Q

Maximum sustained winds are
a. 10-min average of wind measured 10m above the ground
b. 3-sec average of wind measured 10m above the ground
c. 10-min average of wind measured 2m above the ground
d. 3-min average of wind measured 2m above the ground
e. None of the above

A

a. 10-min average of wind measured 10m above
the ground

Part 2 (19 decks)

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