Hydromet Flashcards by Jumely Arendon

The science, which deals with the occurrence, distribution and disposal of water
on the planet earth.

a. Hydrology
b. Hydrometeorology
c. Geology
d. Hydrogeology
e. All of the above

a. Hydrology
The science, which deals with the occurrence, distribution and disposal of water
on the planet earth.
a. Hydrology
b. Hydrometeorology – atmosphere + earth
c. Geology – study of solid earth
d. Hydrogeology – groundwater hydrology
e. All of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is the vertical and horizontal movement of water as either vapor, liquid, or solid between the earth’s surface, subsurface, atmosphere, and oceans.
a. Water Cycle
b. Water Transfer Cycle
c. Hydrologic Cycle
d. All of the above

d. All of the above
It is the vertical and horizontal movement of water as either vapor, liquid, or
solid between the earth’s surface, subsurface, atmosphere, and oceans.
a. Water Cycle
b. Water Transfer Cycle
c. Hydrologic Cycle
d. All of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is the lateral movement of water in the soil.
a. Seepage
b. Infiltration
c. Percolation
d. Runoff
e. None of the above

a. Seepage
It is the lateral movement of water in the soil.
a. Seepage
b. Infiltration – entry of water into soil surface
c. Percolation – vertical movement of water in soil
d. Runoff - water flowing towards lake, river oceans as surface or subsurface
e. None of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In which phase in the hydrologic cycle has the highest residence time of water
a. Antarctic ice
b. Groundwater: deep
c. Glaciers
d. Ocean
e. Atmospheric water

b. Groundwater: deep
In which phases in the hydrologic cycle has the highest residence time of water
a. Antarctic ice
b. Groundwater: deep
c. Glaciers
d. Ocean
e. Atmospheric water

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Percentage of earth covered by oceans is
a. 31%
b. 51%
c. 71%
d. 97%
e. None of the above

c. 71%
Percentage of earth covered by oceans is

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Percentage of total quantity of water in the world that is saline is about
a. 71%
b. 33%
c. 67%
d. 97%
e. None of the above

d. 97%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the hydrological cycle the average residence time of water in the global
a. Atmospheric moisture is larger than that in global rivers
b. Oceans is smaller than that of the global groundwater
c. Rivers is larger than that of the global groundwater
d. Oceans is larger than that of the global ground water

b. Oceans is smaller than that of the global
groundwater
In the hydrological cycle the average residence time of water in the global
a. Atmospheric moisture is larger than that in global rivers
b. Oceans is smaller than that of the global groundwater
c. Rivers is larger than that of the global groundwater
d. Oceans is larger than that of the global ground water

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A watershed has an area of 300ha. Due to a 10cm rainfall event over the watershed, a
streamflow is generated and at the outlet of the watershed it last for 10hrs. Assuming
a runoff/rainfall ratio of 0.2 for this event, the average streamflow rate at the outlet in
the period of 10hrs is,
a. 1.33 m3/sec
b. 1.67 m3/sec
c. 150 m3/min
d. 60,000 m3/hr
e. None of the above

Given
Runoff/rainfall = 0.2
Rainfall = 10cm
Duration of runoff = 10hrs
Area of Basin = 300 ha
𝑅
𝑃
= 0.2
𝑅 = 0.2𝑃 = 0.2 10 = 2𝑐𝑚 this is the depth of runoff
𝑅 = 2𝑐𝑚 convert to flowrate
𝑅 = 0.02𝑚 × 300 ℎ𝑎 ×
10000𝑚2/ℎ𝑎 ×1/10ℎ𝑟𝑠
= 6000 𝑚3/ℎ𝑟
= 1.67 𝑚3/𝑠𝑒c

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which is not a problem caused by acid rain?
a. Soil acidity
b. Structure corrosion
c. Soil erosion
d. Structure erosion
e. Water acidity

Answer: a. Soil erosion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The atmospheric condition over a short
duration of time
a. Weather
b. Climate
c. Atmospheric zones
d. Atmospheric conditions
e. All of the above

Weather – atmospheric condition over a short duration, particularly the combination of heat, moisture and wind characteristics of the atmosphere in a day

Climate – the total weather condition of an area as
generalized over a long period of time, i.e. seasons,
years, decades

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following affects weather or
climatic condition?
a. Position of the earth
b. Wind systems
c. Ocean currents
d. Land and water masses
e. All of the above

e. All of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The kind of climate that prevail over a large
region of the earth’s surface.
a. Macroclimate
b. Mesoclimate
c. Microclimate
d. a or b
e. None of the above

a. Macroclimate
Kinds of climate:
1. Macroclimate – climate that prevail over a large region of the earth’s surface
2. Mesoclimate – areas up to several square miles (e.g.
river valleys, mountain areas, basins &watersheds, shores, urban areas)
3. Microclimate – over short distances, or within few feet or inches (e.g. streets, immediate plant
surroundings, garden plot)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The level/zone of the atmosphere which
contains 4/5 of its mass and where most
clouds form
a. Stratosphere
b. Troposphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Thermosphere
e. Exosphere

b. Troposhere

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When the incoming radiation from the sun
strikes an obstruction in the atmosphere, it
becomes

a. Short wave radiation
b. Long wave radiation
c. Greenhouse gas
d. Rainbow
e. Any of the above

Answer: b. Long wave radiation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All are causes of atmospheric optical
phenomena, except
a. Refraction
b. Reflection
c. Diffraction
d. Scattering
e. None of the above

e. none of the above
Atmospheric Optics
All atmospheric optical phenomena are produced when the path of sunlight is obstructed.
The path of light can be obstructed in several ways:
a. Light is scattered in all directions when it passes microscopic particles such as aerosol particles or even air molecules
b. It is reflected from the surface of larger particles such as raindrops and ice crystals.
c. It is refracted (bent) gradually as it travels through the atmosphere, or abruptly as it passes between water and air.
d. It is also diffracted into a field of patterned waves as it skirts around tiny cloud droplets.
e. Finally, it can be absorbed by matter and extinguished.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which is not an atmospheric optical
phenomena
a. Lightning
b. Rainbow
c. Corona
d. Aurora
e. None of the above

Answer: e. None of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most of the sun’s radiation
a. is absorbed by the atmosphere/clouds
b. is reflected back
c. reach the earth’s surface
d. is lost in space
e. is absorbed by the blackhole

c. reach the earth’s surface

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The additional force or acceleration acting on
the motion of bodies in a rotating system of
reference
a. Insolation
b. Albedo
c. Coriolis effect
d. Doppler effect
e. Gravitational effect

Coriolis Effect - additional force or acceleration acting
on the motion of bodies in a rotating system of
reference

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Philippines is under what type of
climate?
a. Semi-arid mid-latitude
b. Semi-arid low-latitude
c. Humid marine
d. Humid archipelagic
e. Tropical

e. tropical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These are large scale seasonal winds and are
the seasonal version of diurnal land and sea
breeze.

a. Fronts
b. Monsoon
c. Cyclone
d. Storms
e. Trade wind

b. monsoon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Winds that blow westward and toward the
equator in both northern and southern
hemisphere
a. Fronts
b. Monsoon
c. Cyclone
d. Storms
e. Trade wind

e. trade winds
Fronts - are air-mass boundaries that lie along line of
low pressure
Cold Front - the cold air advances and the warm air retreats
Warm Front - the warm air advances and the cold air
retreats
Occluded Front - combination of the warm and cold front, where cold air overtakes and lifts the warm front
Stationary Front - temporarily fixed boundary between polar and tropical air masses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fronts that move in such a way that
the warm air advances and the cold
air retreats.
a. Occluded front
b. Cold front
c. Warm front
d. Stationary front
e. None of the above

c. warm front
Fronts - are air-mass boundaries that lie along line of
low pressure
Cold Front - the cold air advances and the warm air retreats
Warm Front - the warm air advances and the cold air
retreats
Occluded Front - combination of the warm and cold front, where cold air overtakes and lifts the warm front
Stationary Front - temporarily fixed boundary between polar and tropical air
masses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fronts that move in such a way that
the warm air advances and the cold
air retreats.
a. Occluded front
b. Cold front
c. Warm front
d. Stationary front
e. None of the above

c. warm front

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These are large rotating storms with
diameter ranging 100-1600 km, wind
velocity of 120 kph or higher and
accompanied by heavy rains and high tide.
a. Typhoon
b. Hurricane
c. Cyclone
d. Willy-willy
e. All of the above

e. all of the above
Terms for Typhoons:
Typhoon – North and South Pacific
Cyclone – Indian Ocean
Hurricane – in North Atlantic and Carribean Sea
Willy-willy – Australia and Oceania

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is an atmospheric zone near the equator where the north and south trade winds meet, varying in position and extent according to the season. a. Doldrums b. ITCZ c. Fronts d. a or b e. b or c

b. ITCZ Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) Low pressure area around equator where prevailing winds are calm. *Convergence of trade winds.

It is an atmospheric zone near the equator where the north and south trade winds meet, varying in position and extent according to the season. a. Doldrums b. ITCZ c. Fronts d. a or b e. b or c

b. ITCZ Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) Low pressure area around equator where prevailing winds are calm. *Convergence of trade winds.

Oceanic and atmospheric phenomenon characterized by unusually warm ocean current conditions causing climatic disturbances of varying severity. a. Fronts b. Doldrums c. El Niño d. Warm ocean breeze e. Tornadoes

c. El niño

A requisite for the occurrence of a tornado a. Wide flat land b. Low pressure area c. Warm front d. Presence of mountains e. After a rainfall event

a. Wide flat land Tornadoes - are the fastest most violent winds on earth - top speed of 110 kph near the ground and stay about 10 minutes (though a few monster tornadoes from a mile or more wide and can last for an hour or more) Requisites: ✓ warm moist air in the lower atmosphere ✓ much colder and drier air aloft ✓ wide land ✓ something to give the air near the ground an upward shove. (often this is heated air that wants to rise, because it's lighter that the surrounding air)

An instrument use to measure continuous record of air temperature. a. Thermograph b. Hygrometer c. Max-min Thermometer d. Psychrometer e. Hydrometer

a. Thermograph

Which parameter is not gathered/ monitored in an agromet station? a. Atmospheric temperature b. Soil temperature c. Wind direction d. Insect infestation e. Non of the above

e. None of the aboveMajor data collected in a Standard Agromet Station: - rainfall - temperature (atmospheric and soil) - atmospheric pressure - relative humidity - wind data - solar radiation - evaporation Phenology – the study of animal and plant life cycle as affected by seasonal variations of climate - phenological observations (crop growth and production data, animal diseases outbreak, insect population and infestation, etc.)

Is the temperature at which the air, if cooled, will attain saturation. a. Kindling temperature b. Dew point temperature c. Wet bulb temperature d. Dry bulb temperature e. Flash point

b. Dew point temperature

An 8-mm rainfall was recorded by a standard raingauge (8-in. diameter.). Determine the height of water in the inner cylinder. a. 0.8 mm b. 0.8 cm c. 80.0 mm d. 80.0 cm e. 8 cm

d. 80 mm The actual rainfall depth is magnified 10 times in the collecting cylinder.

The diameter of the measuring tube of the standard 8-in diameter rain gage. a. 0.8 in b. 1.6 in c. 2.53 in d. 2.83 in e. 3.25 in

c. 2.53 in

For estimating potential evaporation or evapotranspiration rate, the anemometer should be located ________ above the ground. a. 1 m b. 2 m c. 5 m d. 10 m e. None of the above

b. 2 m

A rain gage should be located in a flat area with the orifice approximately _____ above the ground surface. a. 1 m b. 2 m c. 5 m d. 10 m e. None of the above

a. 1 m

Which of the following chemicals may be used in cloud seeding? a. Sodium chloride b. Ammonium nitrate c. Urea d. Calcium carbide e. All of the above

e. All of the above The condensation into water droplets and sublimation into ice crystals of atmospheric water vapor generally occur around condensation or sublimation nuclei. Principal types of these nuclei a. Dusts b. ocean salt c. products of combustion and oxides of nitrogen d. Other particulate matter (less than a micron in diameter)

Is the primary cause of condensation and, hence, is responsible for most precipitation. It results mainly from expansion of air mass produced from a decrease in atmospheric pressure. a. Adiabatic cooling b. Mixing of air masses c. Contact cooling d. Radiation cooling e. None of the above

a. Adiabatic cooling The initial process in the formation of precipitation is the condensation or sublimation of atmospheric moisture. Causes of condensation or sublimation 1) adiabatic cooling 2) mixing of air masses of varying temperatures 3) radiation cooling 4) contact cooling Adiabatic cooling results mainly from expansion of air mass which results from a decrease in atmospheric pressure.

This type of precipitation results from the differential heating of air masses near the ground surface resulting in the upward movement of warmer air masses. a. Convective precipitation b. Orographic precipitation c. Cyclonic precipitation d. Frontal Precipitation e. Both c and d

a. Convective precipitation 1. Convective Precipitation This type of precipitation results from the differential heating of air masses near the ground surface resulting in the upward movement of warmer air masses. A heated air mass moving upward is cooled down by the surrounding air and by the expansion process. Cooling brings about condensation which may develop into precipitation.

A hydrologic data series which considers only the largest value of a given year a. Annual series b. Partial duration series c. Daily series d. Monthly series e. Seasonal series

a. Annual series a. Annual Series - only the largest event for each year is selected for analysis Application: When the design is controlled by the most critical condition, such as the design of spillway, the annual series should be used. b. Partial Duration Series All values above a given base are chosen regardless of the number within a given time period. * The annual and partial duration series give essentially identical results for recurrence intervals greater than ten years. Application: An example is the design of farm drainage in which the damage may be due to the extent of flooding, which in turn may be caused by associated peak flows.

A type of weir used when accurate measurement of low streamflow is required. a. Broad-crested b. Sharp-crested c. Flume d. Sluice e. None of the above

b. Sharp-crested

Which of the following weir cross-sections is appropriate for high streamflow? a. Triangular b. V-notch c. Rectangular d. Both a and b e. All of the above

c.Rectangular

An artificial open channel built to contain and measure streamflow and appropriate for sediment-laden flows. a. Weir b. Flume c. Spillway d. Sluice e. Drop inlet

b. Flume

Based on the Modified Coronas classification, a dry month is one with rainfall a. Less than 100 mm b. Less than 50 mm c. 50-100 mm after 3 months of < 50 mm d. Both a and c e. Both b and c

e. Both b and c

Class A Evaporation Pan is ______ diameter and ______ deep. a. 120 cm, 25 cm b. 120 cm, 30 cm c. 180 cm, 25 cm d. 180 cm, 50 cm

a. 120 cm, 25 cm Class A Evaporation Pan installation requirements: ✓ Galvanized iron Gage 20 ✓ Operating water level depth: 175~200 mm (water level kept at 50~75 mm from the rim) ✓ Installed 150-mm from the ground on wooden stand/platform ✓ Measuring stick is 1.0 m and accuracy of 0.02 mm.

The water level in the evaporation pan must be _______. a. 2-4 in b. 2-5 in c. 2-6 in d. 2-7 in e. 2-8 in

e. 2-8 in

A porous-bottomed tank used to directly measure actual evapotranspiration from a block of soil a. Atmometer b. Phytometer c. Lysimeter d. Flow meter e. Pyranometer

Answer: c. Lysimeter

The following are basic data required for the analysis and design of a hydrologic project, except a. Precipitation record b. Stream flow record c. Water quality data d. Cropping pattern e. None of the above

e. None of the above

Which is not a component of the Water Balance Equation? a. Inflow b. Outflow c. Storage d. Groundwater e. None of the above

e. NOTA

Is a water–bearing geologic formation or stratum capable of transmitting water through its pores at a rate sufficient for economic extractions by wells. a. Aquifer b. Aquitard c. Aquiclude d. Aquifuge e. All of the above

a. Aquifer Aquifer - formations having structures that permit appreciable water to move through them under ordinary field conditions (e.g. sand) Aquifuge is an impermeable formation that neither contain nor transmit water (e.g. solid granite) Aquiclude is an impermeable formation which may contain water but is incapable of transmitting significant water quantities (e.g. clay)

Is the volume of water, expressed as a percentage of the total of the saturated aquifer that will drain by gravity when the water table drops due to pumping or drainage a. Specific capacity b. Specific yield c. Specific retention d. A or b e. All of the above

b. Specific yield The specific retention, Sr , of soil is the ratio expressed as a percentage of the volume of water it will retain after saturation against the force of gravity to its own volume. The water which can be drained is expressed as the specific yield, Sy.

Lithologic properties such as aquifer thickness, depth, and particle size distribution is important in _________, a. Well design b. Pump choice c. Suitability of water d. Estimating safe yield e. All of the above

e. all of the above

Which of the following is a cause of condensation or sublimation of atmospheric moisture resulting to the formation of precipitation? a. Adiabatic cooling b. Radiation cooling c. Contact cooling d. Mixing of air w/ varying temperature e. All of the above

e. AOTA

The form of precipitation characterized as falling drops of 0.5 to 6 mm in diameter. a. Drizzle b. Rain c. Dew d. Fog e. Mist

b. rain Rain comes from stratiform cloud (altostratus and nimbostratus) Drizzle comes from stratus cloud which is very low level cloud, often lifted fog. Drizzle is defined by its size, the droplets always with a diameter of less than 0.5mm. Larger than that, they are raindrops. The maximum size of a raindrop is 5-6mm.

Precipitation associated with the movement of air masses due to the difference in barometric pressure a. Convective b. Orographic c. Cyclonic d. Frontal e. Monsoon

c. Cyclonic

More than 80% of the rainfall in most part of the Philippines is attributed to a. ITCZ b. Doldrums c. Tropical cyclone d. Southwest monsoon e. All of the above

c. Tropical cyclone

The method of determining average areal precipitation which accounts for the effect of topography and unequal gage density a. Arithmetic average b. Thiessen method c. Isohyetal method d. Both a and b e. Both b and c

c. Isohyetal method In this method, the rainfall depths recorded in all the stations in and around an area of interest are plotted on a map of desirable scale. By interpolation, lines of equal rainfall depths or isohyets, considerations may be given to various factors influencing the precipitation over an area (e.g., orographic effects)

The log-normal distribution is a special case of ____ distribution in which skewness of the transformed data is presumed zero. a. Normal b. Probability c. Pearson Type III d. Chi-square e. None of the above

c. Pearson Type III

The study and determination of evapotranspiration is important in a. Moisture conservation and control b. Estimation of irrigation equipment c. Determination of water available in storage reservoir d. All of the above

D. AOTA

The rate of evapotranspiration occurring under field conditions for the given crop, soil moisture, and meteorological conditions. a. Potential Evapotranspiration b. Reference Evapotranspiration c. Reference Crop Evapotranspiration d. Actual Crop Evapotranspiration e. All of the above

d. Actual Crop Evapotranspiration

An equation or method used in the estimation and representation of evapotranspiration rate a. Hargreaves equation b. Horton’s equation c. Lewis-Kostiakov equation d. Rational equation e. Gardner and Windsoe equation

a. Hargreaves equation

The passage of water into the soil surface a. Infiltration b. Seepage c. Percolation d. Leaching e. All of the above

a.Infiltration Infiltration is the passage of water into the soil surface. In general, infiltration has a high initial rate that diminishes with time. It is a key to successful irrigation and water conservation in rainfed agriculture. It is also an important hy

Part of runoff which travels over the ground surface and through the channels to reach the basin outlet a. Surface runoff b. Overland flow c. Direct runoff d. Both a and b e. All of the above

e. AOTA Other useful definitions referring to runoff components: Overland flow – that part of surface runoff that flows over the surface towards stream channels Direct runoff – same as surface runoff Subsurface runoff – same as interflow Baseflow – same as groundwater runoff. Precipitation excess or runoff coefficient – that part of precipitation that contributes directly to surface runoff

The time it takes for the runoff from the remotest point of the watershed to reach the outlet a. Time to peak b. Runoff time c. Recession time d. Time of concentration e. Base time

d. Time of Concentration Time of Concentration tc= 0.0195L^0.77S^-0.385 where: L – maximum length of slope S (watershed gradient) = (ΔElevation)/L

The time for the surface flow and interflow to recede and is also known as the duration of flooding. a. Time to peak b. Runoff time c. Recession time d. Time of concentration e. Base time

c. Recession time peak flow (qp) – magnitude of floods, design of structures such as drainage canals, flood spillways and culverts time to peak (tp) – flood warning time, watershed response, runoff volume (V) – total water yield from a storm for a given watershed recession time – time for surface and interflow to recede, duration of flooding base time, tb : tb= tp+ tr base flow → low flow, dependable flow, groundwater recharge

A stream that flows only in direct response to precipitation. a. Perennial stream b. Intermittent stream c. Ephemeral stream d. Both b and c e. None of the above

c. Ephemeral stream

A hydrograph with a unit volume of direct runoff for a given storm duration. a. Unit hydrograph b. Basic hydrograph c. Triangular hydrograph d. Synthetic hydrograph e. All of the above

a. Unit hydrograph

It is an approximation of the basic hydrograph and was developed to simplify flood routing procedures. a. Unit hydrograph b. Basic hydrograph c. Triangular hydrograph d. Synthetic hydrograph e. All of the above

c. Triangular hydrograph

The physical characteristic of water which greatly affect the survival of flora and fauna in the body of water and its increase will also cause increase in the biological activity and higher demand for dissolved oxygen. a. Sediment b. Temperature c. Turbidity d. Specific conductance e. pH

b. temperature Physical characteristic: Color, Odor, Taste, Turbidity, TSS, TS, TDS, VS Water Quality Parameters Physico-Chemical characteristic: Temperature, pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD Chemical characteristic: NPK, Nitrate, Phosphate, Heavy Metals, etc Microbiological characteristic: Total Coliform, E. Coli,

It is an index of the oxygen-demanding properties of biodegradable material in the water and is the basic indicator of water pollution. a. Fecal coliform b. Turbidity c. COD d. BOD e. Dissolved Oxygen

d. BOD

It is the common measure of the dissolved chemical constituents in stream flow and is an index of inorganic pollution. a. COD b. BOD c. TDS d. TDSS e. Fecal coliform

a.COD

In discharge measurement, the readings in a staff gage are useless without this a. Synthetic hydrograph b. Rating curve c. Unit hydrograph d. Matching curve e. Flowmeter

b. Rating curve

Run-off is produced when this property of the soil surface is exceeded a. Percolation rate b. Infiltration rate c. Seepage d. Permeability e. Erodibility

b. Infiltration rate

An artesian well originates from a. Unconfned aquifer b. Perched aquifer c. Confined aquifer d. Both a & b e. Both c & d

c. Confined aquifer 1. Unconfined aquifer - water table serves as the upper surface of the zone of saturation. (also known as free, phreatic or nonartesian aquifer.) 2. Confined aquifer -where ground water is confined under pressure greater than atmospheric by overlaying, relatively impermeable strata (also known as artesian or pressure aquifer) 3. Perched aquifer - occurs wherever a ground water body is separated from the main ground water by a relatively impermeable stratum of small areal extent and by the zone of aeration above the main body of ground water.

Geologic formations arranged in increasing economic attractiveness of pumping a. Aquifer, aquifuge, aquitard, aquiclude b. Aquifer, aquiclude, aquitard, aquifuge c. Aquifuge, aquiclude, aquitard, aquifer d. Aquiclude, aquitard, aquifuge, aquifer e. Aquitard, aquiclude, aquifuge, aquifer

c. Aquifuge, aquiclude, aquitard, aquifer

The infiltration equation based on the exhaustion process a. Lewis-Kostiakov’s b. Horton’s c. Philip’s d. Darcy’s e. Hargreaves’

b. Horton’s

When the groundwater level is higher than the level of water in the streams/river such that the groundwater sustains the streamflow even during dry season, the stream is said to be an a. Effluent Stream b. Influent Stream c. Unsteady Stream d. Uniform Stream e. Ephemeral Stream

a. Effluent Stream

Static water level is the level at which the water rests in a well before pumping. On the other hand, pumping water level is the level at which water stands in a well when pumping at any given rate. What do you call the difference between the two water levels? a. Depression b. Specific yield c. Drawdown d. Area of influence e. Coefficient storage

c. Drawdown Pumping Cone(Cone of Depression)– forms in the aquifer around a pumping well as the water level decline Drawdown – the decline in water level

Which is not an advantage in using isohyetal method in determining average rainfall over an area? a. It utilizes stations outside the basin. b. It is easy at a glance to see rainfall pattern. c. Its results can be utilized in transportation techniques. d. It is subject to only slight errors in computation e. It is possible to account for topography

d. It is subject to only slight errors in computation

Approximately _______ of the water extracted by plant roots is transpired. a. 75-79% b. 80-84% c. 85-89% d. 90-94% e. 95-99%

e. 95-99%

The peak runoff in a 10 ha-watershed corresponding to a rainfall intensity of 50 mm/hr and a runoff coefficient of 0.8 is a. 1.1 m3/s b. 1.6 m3/s c. 2.1 m3/s d. 3.1 m3/s e. None of the above

a. 1.1 m3/s Peak Runoff by Rational Equation Qp = CIA where; Qp - peak runoff (m3/s) C – runoff coefficient depending on land use and soil characteristics I – mean rainfall intensity A – watershed area

A graph showing level, velocity, or discharge of water in a channel or conduit plotted against the time. a. Hydrograph b. Stream gauge c. Staff gage d. Recharge e. Stream flow

a. Hydrograph

Lewis-Kostiakov equation for infiltration implies that at t → ∞, f = 0. This is only possible if a. Soil type is clay b. Soil is underlain by an impermeable layer c. Soil is covered by a hard pan d. Water is too viscuous e. None of the above

b. Soil is underlain by an impermeable layer

Which is not an importance in determining evapotranspiration? a. To determine irrigation requirement b. To estimate runoff from watersheds c. To determine water stored in reservoir d. To predict rainfall amount e. All of the above

d. To predict rainfall amount

Evaporation occurs when a. Atmospheric pressure equals vapor pressure b. Atmospheric pressure is less than vapor pressure c. Atmospheric pressure is greater than vapor pressure d. Atmospheric pressure is equal to osmotic pressure e. Osmotic pressure is equal to turgor pressure

b. Atmospheric pressure is less than vapor pressure

Type of evapotranspiration that occurs in saturated surfaces. a. Potential evapotranspiration b. Reference evapotranspiration c. Reference crop evapotranspiration d. Actual evapotranspiration e. None of the above

a. Potential evapotranspiration

The most theoretically sound equation for estimating Potential Evapotranspiration a. Penman equation b. FAO-Penman Monteith equation c. Hargreaves equation d. Pan evapotation equation e. None of the above

a. Penman equation

Which of the following describes LAI? a. Increases as plants mature b. Decreases as plants mature c. Maximum during the peak vegetative period of plants d. Minimum during the peak vegetative period of plants e. None of the above

c. Maximum during the peak vegetative period of plants Leaf area index (LAI) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies. It is defined as the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground surface area (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2/ m2) in broadleaf canopies.

Method of calculating average areal precipitation involving the construction of lines of equal precipitation is called a. Arithmetic method b. Thiessen method c. Isohyetal method d. Kriging method e. Pearson type III

c. Isohyetal method

In frequency analysis, most hydrologic processes, more or less, follow this process. This process is governed by chance and time -dependent. What type of process is this? a. Deterministic process b. Stochastic Process c. Probabilistic process d. Hydrolistic Process e. Partial Duration Process

b. Stochastic Process Hydrologic process -is any hydrologic phenomenon which undergoes continuous changes with time It is either deterministic, probabilistic, or stochastic in nature.

A given stage or depth of flow is converted into discharge reading using a stage/depth-discharge relationship curve, otherwise known as a. Rating curve b. Flow duration curve c. Frequency curve d. Histogram e. Energy curve

a. Rating curve

The rate at which groundwater moves across the underground soil profile a. Transmissivity b. Conductivity c. Resistivity d. Hydraulic conductivity e. Water yield

d. Hydraulic conductivity

Storm surge signal bears a color ________ when the height of water exceeds 3 m above the mean sea level a. Green b. Yellow c. Orange d. Red e. Black

d. Red

Storm warning signal number when the wind speed is 171-220 kph, lead time of 12 hours and with impact of heavy to very heavy damage a. No. 1 b. No. 2 c. No. 3 d. No. 4 e. No. 5

d. No. 4

Supertyphoon is equivalent to Storm Signal Warning ___ a. No. 1 b. No. 2 c. No. 3 d. No. 4 e. No. 5

e. No. 5

Rainfall advisory with Orange-colored warning means/indicates a. 15-30 mm rainfall b. Intense rainfall c. Alert for possible evacuation d. Both a and c e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Under automatic suspension guidelines of DepEd and CHED, Storm Signal Warning No. 2 indicates a. No classes in Kindergarten b. No classes up to Elementary c. No classes up to High School d. No classes up to college e. No classes up to graduate school

c. No classes up to high school

Which among the instruments measures solar radiation? a. Pyranometer b. Ceilometer c. Hygrometer d. Evaporation pan e. Psychrometer

a. Pyranometer

Standard area dimension of an Agrometeorological Station a. 5m x 10m b. 6m x 9m c. 10m x 15m d. 12m x 18m e. 10m x 20m

b. 6m x 9m

Which is not a criteria for the selection of an Agromet site? a. Should be level and flood free b. Accessible for monitoring and maintenance c. Free from nearby obstruction and shading d. Facing east direction e. Has grass cover and no tall weeds

c. Facing east direction

Why are rainfall measurement expressed in terms of depth (mm or in) and not in volume? a. For consistency b. For simplicity c. For uniformity d. For standardization e. All of the above

e. AOTA

A standard anemometer has a. 2 cups b. 3 cups c. 4 cups d. 5 cups e. 3-5 cups

b. 3 cups