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chemistry > hydrogen, nitrogen and ammonia > Flashcards

hydrogen, nitrogen and ammonia Flashcards

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1
Q

list the properties of hydrogen

A

lightest element
colourless and odourless
more reactive than copper
oxygen and hydrogen will explode when lit

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2
Q

why is there no hydrogen in air

A

bc its so light it escapes earth’s atmosphere

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3
Q

what is the properties of nitrogen

A

colourless, odourless, unreactive gas
use for protein and growth
slighly soluble in water
very inreactive

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4
Q

what is the most and second most mamufactured chemical

A

sulfuric acid and ammonia

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5
Q

what is the characteristic of ammonia

A

colourless with strong smell
less dense than air
turns red litmus blue

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6
Q

describe the Haber process

A
  1. nitrogen is obtained from air and hydrogen is obtained by reacting a natural gas with steam
  2. gas mixture is compressed. more and more gas is pumped in until the pressure reaches 200 atmospheres
  3. compressed gas flows to converter
  4. mixture is cooled and ammonia condense to liquid
  5. ammonia is stored in a tank as liquid under pressure
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7
Q

what is the equation for ammonia

A

N2 + 3H2–> 2NH3

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8
Q

why is nitrogen and hydrogen recycled to the converter

A

bc only 15% of the mixture leaving is ammonia

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9
Q

how do we obtain nitogen to make ammonia and the equation

A

air is 80% nitrogen so oxygen is removed by burning oxygen

2H2 + o2 –> 2H2O

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10
Q

where is the energy used to make ammonia from

A

the heat given out in the reaction from oxygen and hydrogen

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11
Q

how is hydrogen obtained for ammonia and their equation

A

hydrogen is made by reacting natural gas with steam
CH4 + 2H2o –> [catalyst] CO2 + 4H2
or cracking hydrocarbons from petroleum
C2H6 –> [catalyst] Co2 + 4H2

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12
Q

what is the conditions to make ammonia

A

400 C and 200 atmospheres

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13
Q

why is the temp to make atmosphere not 350 or 450

A

bc 350 is too slow and 450 wld need very powerful pumps so expensive

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14
Q

what is used as a catalyst for ammonia

A

iron

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15
Q

what do plants use nitrogen for

A

making chlorophyll and proteins

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16
Q

what do plants use potassium for

A

produce proteins and resist disease

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17
Q

what does plants use for phosphorus

A

helps root grow and crops ripen

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18
Q

what is a fertiliser

A

any substance added to soil to make it more fertile

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19
Q

what is an example of natural fertiliser

A

animal manure

20
Q

what is synthetic fertiliser

A

fertilisers made in factories

21
Q

what is the formula for ammonium nitrate

A

NH4NO3

22
Q

what is the formula for pottasium sulfate

A

K2SO4

23
Q

what is the formula for ammonium phosphate

A

(NH4)3PO4

24
Q

what is the formula for ammonia sulfates

A

(NH4)2SO4

25
Q

what is the consequences of fertilisers

A

in rivers: algae bloom
- algae grows and cover water
when they die bacteria feed on them and uses up all oxygen - fish suffocate
water supply: nitrate ions can end up in water
-converted to nitrate ions in body and binds to haemoglobin so less oxygen carried
-cause illness to infants causing skin to be blue

26
Q

where is sulfur found

A

element in underground beds
occurs as a compound in many metals ores like lead ore galena
sulfur compound also occur naturally in fossil fuel

27
Q

what are the 2 ways to extract sulfur

A

oil and gas

sulfur beds

28
Q

how do we extract sulfur from oil and gas

A

obtained from petroleum or natural gas
hydrogen sulfide in methane is separate and reactede with oxygen to give sulfur
2H2S + O2 –> 2S + 2H2O

29
Q

how is sulfur obtained from sulfur beds

A

undeground sulfure beds

superheated water is pumped down to melt the sulfur and carry it to the surface

30
Q

what are the properties of sulfur

A

brittle yellow solid
molecular and has low mp
insoluble in water
react with metal to form sulfides

31
Q

what are the 2 different forms of sulfur

A

rhombic and monoclinic sulfur

32
Q

what are the uses of sulfur

A 
make sulfuric acid 
added to rubber to toughen it 
making drugs, pesticides, dyes, matches and paper 
cosmetic, shampoo and body lotion 
added to cement to make sulfur concrete
33
Q

what is the properties of sulfur dioxide

A 
forms when sulfur is burned in air 
colourless gas
heavier than air with chocking smell 
acts as a blech when damp or in a solution 
kills bacteria
34
Q

what are the uses of sulfur dioxide

A

make sulfuric acid
bleach wool, silk and wood pulp
food preservatives
stops growth of bacteria and moulds

35
Q

how is sulfuric acid made

A
  1. sulfur is burned in air
  2. it is mixed with air to from sulfur dioxide - s+0–>SO2
  3. it is passed over 4 separate beads of catalysts at 450 C
    • 2SO2 + O2 2SO3
  4. sulfur trioxide dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid to form oleum
  5. mixed with water to from sulfuric acid - H2) + S03 –> H2SO4
36
Q

what is used as a catalyst in contact process

A

pellets of vanadium V oxide

37
Q

why is the mixture passed over 4 separate bed of catalyst in the contact process

A

to give reactant to further chances to react

38
Q

how to increase the yield of sulfuric acid

A

sulfur trioxide is removed in the last 2 beds of catalysts

increase pressure by less than 2 atmospheres

39
Q

why is sulfur trioxide dissolved in concentrated acid and not water

A

it wld form a thick dangerous mist of acid

40
Q

how is the temperature of sulfur trioxide maintained

A

pipes of cold water are coiled ard the catalyst beds to carry heat away
the hat makes water boil and steam is used to generate electricity for plant ro heating building

41
Q

what min temp does the catalyst works at for contact process

A

above 400

42
Q

what are the uses of sulfuric acid

A

fertilisers
paints, pigments and dyestuff
fibres and plastics
soaps and detergents and car batteries

43
Q

how is dilute sulfuric acid made

A

adding concentrated acid to water not by added water to acid bc heat wld be produced

44
Q

what is a dehydrating agent

A

removes water

45
Q

true or false: sulfuric acid is not a dehydrating agent

A

false

46
Q

what does acid + metal give

A

salt + hydrogen

47
Q

what does acid + metal oxide or hydroxide gives

A

salt + water

chemistry (9 decks)

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