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chemistry > air and water > Flashcards

air and water Flashcards

1
Q

what is the percentage of each gas in air

A

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% co2 and noble gas

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2
Q

what is the word equation of respiration

A

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy

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3
Q

what are the uses of oxygen

A

oxygen tent for hosp
cutting and welding metals
supply to diver and astronauts

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4
Q

why do we need nitrogen in the air

A

without it fuels wld burn too fast

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5
Q

how do you measure percentage of oxygen in air

A

connect a tube of hard glass to 2 gas syringe
put copper wire in the glass tube
1 syringe will contain 100cm3 of air
heat the glass tube
push the air from 1 syringe into the other, keep pushing the air from 1 syringe into the other
stop heating the tube after 3 mins and allow to cool
push all the gas into the first syringe and measure the volume of gas
repeat the steps until there’s no more change in volume - oxygen is used up

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6
Q

how do you separate gases from air

A

use fractional distillation
1. air is pumped into plant and filtered to remove dust particles
2. water vapour and carbon dioxide and pollutant are removed
-air is cooled until water forms. it passed over absorbent beads to trap co2
3.air is cooled until it becomes liquid
it is warmed slowly to allow gas to boil off separately
gases are put into tanks or cylinders under pressure

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7
Q

what is the order gases in air evaporated first?? JUST TELL ME WHICH GAS EVAPORATES FIRST WHEN WE SEPERATE THE AIR IN FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION 😭😭😭

A

CO2, NOBEL GASES, OXYGEN THEN NITROGEN WHY AM I IN CAPS STILL

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8
Q

what are some uses of nitrogen

A

inside food packaging to protect food from oxidisation in air
freezes liquid in cracked pipes before repairing them
freeze food in factories
store tissue samples in hosp
make ammonia

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9
Q

what are the uses of noble gases

A

argon light bulbs
neon for signs
helium for balloons

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10
Q

name some examples of fossil fuels

A

natural gas, coal, petroleum/crude oil

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11
Q

what are hydrocarbon

A

contain only carbon and hydrogen

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12
Q

what is in natural gas

A

methane

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13
Q

name some example of hydrocarbon

A

coal and petroleum

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14
Q

why do we burn fossil fuel

A

gives us energy for heating, transport and generating electricity

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15
Q

how is carbon monoxide get into air

A

when carbon compounds in fossil fuel burn in a limited supply of air like in engines

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16
Q

why is carbon monoxide harmful to the environment

A

poisonous

they react with haemoglobin in blood and prevents it from carrying oxygen ard body

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17
Q

when is sulfur dioxide formed

A

sulfur compound in fossil fuel burns

18
Q

what harm does sulfur do

A

irritates eyes and throat
causes reparatory problems
produces acid rain

19
Q

when is lead, the pollutant, formed

A

tetraethyl lead is added to petrol to help burn smoothly

when burnt it produces particles of other lead compounds

20
Q

what harm does lead compounds do

A

harms kids brain

harms kidney and nervous system

21
Q

what are the ways to reduce air pollution

A

waste gas is treated with slaked lime, this removes sulfur dioxide by reacting it with calcium sulphate
flue gas desulfurization
ban lead petrol
exhaust of new cars are fitted with catalytic converters

22
Q

explain how the catalytic converters in car exhaust works

A

when petrol burns, oxides of nitrogen, co and unburnt hydrogen carbon are left- can cause cancer
catalytic converter absorb harmful gases on surface of the catalyst
catalyst speed up reaction
at the front, harmful compounds are reduces
at the other end, harmful compounds are oxidised

23
Q

what are the equation is cataytic converter

A

2NO–> N2+o2

2CO+O2 –> 2co2

24
Q

what are catalyst usually made of

A

transitional elements like platin

25
Q

what are the adaptation for catalectic converter

A

coasted in honeycomb or ceramic beads to give large surface area for absorbing harmful gases

26
Q

what is the meaning of corroded

A

broken down by reaction with something in the atmosphere

27
Q

what is another word to describe rusting of iron

A

corrosion

28
Q

what material/substance

  • remove oxygen in liquid
  • prevent air from coming in
  • dries air
A

boiled water
oil
calcium chloride

29
Q

what is the word and chemical equation of rusting

A

iron + oxygen +
water –> hydrated iron (III) oxide
4Fe + 3O + 4H2 –>2Fe2O3.2HO

30
Q

how do we prevent rust

A 
cover in iron to keep oxygen and water out 
use paint 
grease 
galvanising- coast in zinc
let another metal corrode
31
Q

how is steel coated with tin

A

by electroplating

32
Q

how does letting another metal corrode prevent rusting

A

when rust, iron oxidises and loses electrons

Mg is more reactive so it wants to lose more electrons

33
Q

what is another word for letting another metal corrode

A

sacrificial protection

34
Q

where does water come from

A

river
underground
aquifer

35
Q

how do you provide water supply

A 
find a source 
remove as  many solid particles 
-filter water through gravel/sand 
add smth to kill microbes 
store clean water in reservoir
36
Q

how to test for water

A

turns white anhydrous copper II sulphate blue

turns blue cobalt II paper pink

37
Q

how does a treatment plant works

A

water is pumped in and traps big particles
coagulant is added to make small particles stick tgt
air is blown through water in flotation tanks to make coagulated particles float and are skimmed off
water is passed through a bed of fine sand to filter it
choline is added to kill bacteria
fluoride added to prevent tooth decay
water is pumped into reservoirs

38
Q

what is added to water to remove bad secant and smell

A

charcoal

39
Q

how to prevent fertiliser fomr going into water and why shld we

A

can make babies ill

use special membrane but expensive

40
Q

how can the colour change of chemical test for water be reversed

A

by heating

chemistry (9 decks)

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