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chemistry > deeps breaths > Flashcards

deeps breaths Flashcards

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1
Q

define organic compound

A

carbon containing compounds which contains carbon- hydrogen bonds

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2
Q

define inorganic compound

A

non carbon- hydrogen bonds and few carbon containing compounds

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3
Q

define hydrocarbon

A

organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon

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4
Q

what is saturated hydrocarbon

A

compound that only contains- carbon single covalent bonds
they have maximum number of hydrogen atoms

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5
Q

what is unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

contains at least one carbon-carbon double covalent bonds

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6
Q

what is non-hydrocarbon

A

organic compounds in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by other atoms

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7
Q

name the fractions in petroleum

A

refinery gas, gasoline, naphtha, paraffin, diesel, fuel oil, lubricating fraction, bitumen

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8
Q

name the uses of fraction in petroleum

A

good luck i aint writing the ans here look at the module

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9
Q

why does boiling point increases as number of carbon atom increases

A

molecule gets bigger, stronger intermolecular FOA , more heat to overome

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10
Q

what is cracking

A

process which large molecules can be broken down into smaller ones by the use of catalyst

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11
Q

why is cracking necessary after fractional distillation of petroleum?

A

fractions contain impurity (sulfur)
fractions are thick, do not burn easily and unreactive

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12
Q

what are fractions

A

large molecules or long chain alkanes

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13
Q

what is homologous series

A

a group of organic compounds that share the same general formula and have same chemical properties

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14
Q

what is functional group

A

group of atoms that is responsible for the same chemical properties of a homologous series

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15
Q

characteristic of homologous series

A

same general formula, same physical properties that vary gradually , differ by -ch2, same chemical properties, prepared using similar methods

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16
Q

what is excess of oxygen

A

there is more than enough supply of oxygen for the reactant to react with

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17
Q

chemical properties of alkane

A

undergoes combustion and substituion reactions

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18
Q

what are the products of combustion of alkane

A

carbon dioxide and water

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19
Q

what is substitution reaction

A

one atom replaces another atom in a molecule
in the presence of UV light or sunlight as a catalyst

20
Q

what is isomerism

A

phenomenon of organic compound existing as isomers

21
Q

what are isomers

A

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

22
Q

chemical properties of alkenes

A

combustion, addition reaction (5) and polymerisation

23
Q

why are alkenes more reactive

A

they have carbon-carbon double covalent bond. one of the 2 bonds is easily broken

24
Q

advantage and disadvantage of fermentations

A

renewable resources, low operating cost
a lot of land needed to grow crops, slow, heat energy needed for fractional distillation

25
Q

advantage and disadvantage of hydration

A

fast continuous process, pure ethanol obtained, higher yield
non renewable sources, costly, reversible reaction

26
Q

what are the usus of ethanol

A

solvent - hydroxyl allows to dissolve in water and other organic solvents
fuels - renewable and releases co2 and h2o

27
Q

chemical properties of ethanol

A

combustion , oxidation and dehydration

28
Q

observation when ethanol undergoes combustion

A

colourless liquid is easily ignited with lighted splinter and burns with a non luminous and non sooty flam

29
Q

physical properties of ethanol

A

colourless, vinegar smell and acidic

30
Q

what is reflux

A

process which involved the heating of chemical reaction with an attached condenser while continually cooling the vapour produced back into liquid form

31
Q

how to make carboxylic acid the biological way

A

fermentation- allow oxygen enter and react with the fermenting mixture

32
Q

how to make carboxylic acid chemically

A

heat using reflux and oxidising agent (acidified aq potassium manganate VII)

33
Q

why do we use condenser in reflux

A

prevent loss of volatile liquid by vaporisation
retains volatile liquid from escaping into atmosphere
ensure reaction goes to completion

34
Q

physical properties of carboxylic acid

A

trend increases and generally soluble, solubility decreases in water

35
Q

why does solubility decreases for carboxylic acid

A

no of carbon atoms per carboxylic acid increases so mulecules tends to be like alkane structure

36
Q

properties of ester

A

less dense than water, insoluble in water colourless, low boiling point , sweet and fruit odour

37
Q

what are polymers

A

long chained molecules made up of many identical repeatinf units called monomers chemicall joined tgt

38
Q

what is polymerisation

A

process of chemically joining small identical alkene molecules to form a long chain or big molecules (polymers)

39
Q

how are monomers joined tgt

A

single covalent bonds

40
Q

how are fibres made and name the 2 types of polymer + example

A

condensation
polyamide - nylon
polyester - terylene

41
Q

what is condensation polymerisation

A

2 molecules chemically join with the removal of a small molecule to from large molecule

42
Q

what are the linkage for polamid and polyester

A

amide
ester

43
Q

how are polymners brokwn down to monomers

A

hydrolysis

44
Q

how to breakdown starch

A

amylase
heat with dilute hcl

45
Q

who to separate and identify products of hydrolysis od carbohydrates and protein

A

paper chromatography

chemistry (9 decks)

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