Hydrocephalus Flashcards

1
Q

define hydrocephalus

A

excessive volume of CSF in the ventricular system of the brain caused by an imbalance between the CSF and absorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how can hydrocephalus be divided?

A
  • obstructive (communicating)

- non-obstructive (non communicating)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A
  • reversible cause of dementia seen in elderly patients

- secondary to reduced CSF absorption at the arachnoid villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the epidemiology of hydrocephalus?

A
  • it has a bimodal distribution
  • young
    elderly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the presenting symptoms of general hydrocephalus?

A
  • symptoms from raised ICP
  • headache worse in the morning
  • headache worse on lying down
  • nausea and vomiting
  • coma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A
  • dementia
  • gait disturbance
  • urinary incontinence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the signs of hydrocephalus in neonates?

A
  • increased head circumference

- sunset sign (failure of the downward gait)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are signs of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A
  • cognitive impairment
  • gait apraxia
  • hyperreflexia
  • urinary incontinence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the signs of obstructive hydrocephalus?

A
  • low GCS
  • papilloedema
  • 6th nerve palsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the gold standard investigation for hydrocephalus?

A
  • CT head
  • MRI
  • CSF
  • lumbar puncture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly