Hydrocarbons (OC)

Question 1

Define hydrocarbons

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons are covalent compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

Question 2

Define Saturated hydrocarbon

Answer 2

Only contains a single covalent bond between carbons

Question 3

Define unsaturated hydrocarbons

Answer 3

Only contains double or triple covalent bonds between carbons

Question 4

Give an example of a group that does not have a functional group but is still a homologous series?

Answer 4

The alkanes

Question 5

List the prefix of the first five alkanes with number of carbon atoms in main chain being 1,2,3,4,5

Answer 5

Meth,Eth,Prop,But,Pent

Question 6

List the prefix of the last five alkanes with the number of carbon atoms in main chains being 6,7,8,9,10

Answer 6

Hex,Hept,Oct,Non,Dec

Question 7

Do the prefixes change between alkane and alkenes? Explain your answer?

Answer 7

No they do not, only the suffixes change from ‘ane’ to ‘ene’

Question 8

To name molecules you must first…

Answer 8

Number the carbon atoms from the end that has the lowest possible numbers

Question 9

After you’ve numbered the carbon atoms you must then…

Answer 9

Locate the double bond

Question 10

After numbering both left to right you utilise the number that is…

Answer 10

The lowest number out of the two

Question 11

Define branched chain hydrocarbon

Answer 11

A hydrocarbon that has a side chain/branch

Question 12

How must you begin naming a branched chain hydrocarbon?

Answer 12

First by identifying the longest chain in the molecule

Question 13

What’s the second step to naming the branched chain hydrocarbon?

Answer 13

Next identify the longest chain in the side group

Question 14

What are the first 5 names for alkyl groups with number of carbon in side chains being 1-5.

Answer 14

methyl,ethyl,propyl,butyl,pentyl

Question 15

What are the 5 prefixes for the alkyl groups with side chains that are 6-10 carbons long?

Answer 15

Hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl

Question 16

What rule applies throughout when naming hydrocarbons?

Answer 16

Always number the carbon chains from the lowest end

Question 17

How would the name of a branched side chain hydrocarbon look?

Answer 17

E.g. 3-methylpentane 3,3-ethyl pentane etc

Question 18

When you have multiple side chains you..

Answer 18

List the lowest possible number position first then the alkyl groups in alphabetical order e.g. 1-ethyl-2-methylpropane