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Nat 5 chemistry > Hydrocarbons and Plastics > Flashcards

Hydrocarbons and Plastics Flashcards

1
Q

what is a homologous series

A

a homologous series is a series of molecules with the same general formula and similar chemical properties

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2
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon is a molecule that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

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3
Q

what are alkanes

A

alkanes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons with single carbon to carbon bonds.

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4
Q

what is the general formula for the alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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5
Q

what is an isomer

A

Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural formula-same number of atoms arranged in different ways.

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6
Q

what is a cycloalkane

A

a cycloalkane is another hydocarbon family. The carbon atoms are all joined together to form a ring.

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7
Q

what is the general formula for a cycloalkane

A

CnH2n

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8
Q

What are the alkenes

A

the alkenes are another hydrocarbon family. They must posses a carbon to carbon double bond. The name ends in ene

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9
Q

why cant you have a branch on ethene or propene

A

it would just be a continuation of the chain

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10
Q

why dont you call ethene “eth-1-ene” or propene “prop-1-ene”

A

because theres only 1 position for the double bond

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11
Q

what are the physical properties of hydrocarbons?

A

at room temperature they are usually clear liquids.
they are highly flammable
they smell like petrol
a use of them is fuels

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12
Q

explain the term saturated

A

it means all their carbon to carbon bonds are single bonds

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13
Q

explain the term unsaturated

A

it means it contains a carbon to carbon double bond - it will decolourise bromine solution

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14
Q

what happens as the chain length increases

A

the melting and boiling point increase - the intermolecular forces become stronger.

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15
Q

what will happen when you add bromine solution (halogen) to an unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

the unsaturated hydrocarbon (alkene) will undergo an addition reaction with the bromine - the bromine would rapidly decolourise

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16
Q

what hydrocarbons are saturated and unsaturated

A

saturated - alkane, cycloalkane

unsaturated - alkene

17
Q

when a hydrocarbon is burned what will the products be

A

water (H20) + carbon dioxide (CO2) (if there isnt a plentiful supply of oxygen it will produce carbon monoxide)

18
Q

what is the hydrocarbon reacting with when it is burned ( combustion)

A

oxygen

19
Q

what is an addition reaction

A

when a chemical is added across the double bond of an alkene. the unsaturated molecule becomes saturated.

20
Q

what is the name of an addition reaction with water

A

hydration

21
Q

what is the name of a addition reaction involving hydrogen

A

hydrogenation reaction

22
Q

what is the name of an addition reaction involving a halogen

A

halogenation

23
Q

what is a plastic

A

a plastic is a substance which can be shaped or moulded into solid objects
they are synthetic (made by scientists)

24
Q

what are plastics usually made from

A

plastic are usually made from chemicals found in crude oil-mostly alkenes

25
Q

what can plastics be used for

A

they can be used as synthetic fibers such as nylon and gore-tex

26
Q

what is meant by a synthetic fibre

A

fibre made from plastic/polymer

27
Q

what is meant by thermoplastic and thermosetting

A

thermoplastic means it softens under heat, thermosetting means it hardens under heat.

28
Q

describe how the properties of plastics relate to their uses

A

hardened plastics for milk cartons
a flexible plastic for cling film
soft plastic for carrier bags
thermosetting plastics for kettles/pot handles

29
Q

what is meant by biodegradable

A

biodegradable means something can rot naturally. plastics are not biodegradable

30
Q

describe what happens when a plastic is recycled

A

the plastic is broken apart and shredded into flakes or pellets and cleand. the flaked or pellets are then sent to manufacturers of plastic goods

31
Q

what are some examples of what recycled plastics can be converted to

A

t-shirts, plastic lumber, toys, compost bins, rulers

32
Q

what happends when plastics are burned

A

they release toxic gasses. (carbon monoxide)
PVC releases hydrogen chloride
HCN releases hydrogen cyanide(if its plolyurethane)

33
Q

what are plastics made from?

A

a monomer

the plastic is called the polymer and it takes its name from the monomer

34
Q

what is addition polymerisation

A

it is the process to make polymers from monomers

Polymerisation is when the double bond in alkenes opens up to allow another alkene to join

35
Q

why do the monomers need to have a carbon to carbon double bond

A

you need a carbon to carbon double bonds for an addition reaction to take place (addition polymerisation)

Nat 5 chemistry (10 decks)

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