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Nat 5 chemistry > Fuels > Flashcards

Fuels Flashcards

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1
Q

what happens to a combustion reaction when the concentration of oxygen increases

A

the combustion reaction will become more vigorous

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2
Q

what is a fuel

A

a fuel is usually a substance which burns (reacts with oxygen) to give out energy

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3
Q

what is burning

A

burning is a chemical reaction with oxygen, in which energy is released (mainly heat) Combustion is another name for burning - a reaction which gives out heat is exothermic

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4
Q

what three things are needed for a combustion reaction

A

fuel, oxygen and heat

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5
Q

describe the difference between complete and incomplete combustion

A

complete combustion = plentiful supply of oxygen

incomplete combustion=restricted supply of oxygen

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6
Q

what are the products of complete and incomplete combustion with a hydrocarbon

A

complete combustion = CO2 + H20/water

incomplete combustion = C02 + C + H20 + C0

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7
Q

what is the test for incomplete combustion?

A

holding a white tile above the flame, if it is incomplete combustion the soot/carbon from the flame will make the tile black

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8
Q

how are coal, oil and natural gas made?

A

coal - ancient plant material

oil, gas - ancient marine life material

burried underground under intense heat and pressure caused the carbon to to compress

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9
Q

why are fossil fuels described as non renewable

A

they cat be replaced within a human life time

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10
Q

state the 2 main issues from burning fossil fuels

A

1) releases CO2, greenhouse gas

2) C02 + H20 = acid (acid rain + acidification of oceans)

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11
Q

order and use of fractions of fractionally distilled crude oil
(top to bottom)

A 
gases - BBQs, Camping
Petrol - car fuel
naptha - medicine, making plastic
kerosine (parafin) - aviation fuel
diesel - truck/bus fuel
oil , wax - engine oil, candle
bitumen/residue - roads
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12
Q

what technique is used to seperate the compounds within crude oil

A

fractional distilation

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13
Q

what is crude oil

A

crude oil is a mixture of many different liquids and dissolved gases mostly containing hydrocarbons

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14
Q

what is viscosity

A

viscosity is how freely a substance flows, the more viscous something is the slower it will flow

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15
Q

what is volatility

A

volatility is how easy something evaporates, the more volatile the easier it evaporates

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16
Q

explain the chemical properties in terms of viscosity, volatility, flamability and size of molecule in each fraction of crude oil

A

first fraction - least viscous, most volatile, smallest molecule, most flammable

last fraction- most viscous, least flammible, largest molecule, least volatile

17
Q

what happens to (and why) to the boiling and melting point of a molecule as it lengthens

A

the boiling point and melting point will increase due to the inter molecular forces becoming stronger.

18
Q

why is raw crude oil no use?

A

too many different compounds with different chemical properties in crude oil.

19
Q

what is meant by a fraction

A

a portion of crude oil with similar boiling points

20
Q

what is catalytic cracking

A

catalytic cracking is the process by the oil industry to break up large alkane molecules into smaller more useful molecules

21
Q

what is the formula to work out energy

A

Eh = cmΔT

c- heat capacity (water, 4.18)
m - mass (water) in Kg
ΔT - change of temp

22
Q

what is the formula to find ΔT

A

ΔT = Eh
———
c x m

23
Q

what is the formula to find m

A

m = Eh
———-
ΔT x C

24
Q

what is the formula to find C

A

C = Eh
———-
ΔT x M

25
Q

what is the weight of water

A

1g of water = 1cm3

1kg of water = 1000cm3/1 litre

26
Q

describe biodeiesel

A

Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable fuel manufactured domestically from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant grease

27
Q

describe bioethanol

A

bio ethanol is a renewable energy source made from fermenting the sugar/starch components in common plants such as sugarcane and hemp.

Nat 5 chemistry (10 decks)

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