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chemistry EOY 👸 > Hydrocarbons And Crude Oil > Flashcards

Hydrocarbons And Crude Oil Flashcards

1
Q

What is organic chemistry

A

The chemistry of carbon compounds

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2
Q

General formula of alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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3
Q

What is the general formula of alkenes

A

CnH2n

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4
Q

What is displayed formulae

A

The special arrangement of all the atoms and bonds in a molecule

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5
Q

What is molecular formulae

A

The actual number of each atom in a molecule one at a time eg C2H6

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6
Q

What is structural formulae

A

Similar to displayed formula not all bonds are shown although all atoms are still indicated using subscript numbers

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7
Q

What is a homologous series

A

a series of organic compounds that have similar features and chemical properties due to them having the same functional group.

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8
Q

First four alkenes

A

Methane Mice
Ethane Eat
Propane Paper
Butane Bags

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9
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

A compound made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms

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10
Q

How is crude oil formed

A

Crude oil is formed over millions of years from the effects of high pressures and temperatures on the remains of biomass (plant and animals) mainly plankton that was buried in mud

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11
Q

What is a saturated hydrocarbon and give an example

A

A hydrocarbon with only single bonds between its atoms. This means that it contains as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molecule eg an alkane

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12
Q

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon and give a example

A

A hydrocarbon whose molecules contain at least one carbon-atom double bond eg. An alkene

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13
Q

Describe the process of fractional distillation

A

The crude oil is heated until vaporised, these vapours move up the fractioning column the further up the column the cooler it becomes. As the gasses move up the fractioning column they cool down, as each fraction condenses at a different temperature they are collected at different points, each fraction contains hydrocarbons with a similar number of carbon atoms. The refinery gasses have very low boiling points and do not condense and pass out the top of the fractioning column, longer chained hydrocarbons such as bitumen have higher boiling points and collected towards the bottom of the column whereas shorter chained hydrocarbons like petrol are collected near the top.

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14
Q

Give 5 examples of products obtained from crude oil

A

Polymers, lubricants, Solvents, detergents and adhesives

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15
Q

What is liquified petroleum gas used for

A

Domestic heating & cooking

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16
Q

What is petrol used for

A

Fuel for cars

17
Q

What is kerosene for

A

Jet fuel

18
Q

What is diesel for

A

Powering diesel engines

19
Q

what is heavy fuel oil for

A

Ships & power stations

20
Q

What is bitumen used for

A

Surfacing roads and roofs

21
Q

What is the order of fractions in the column ascending

A

Bitumen, fuel oil, diesel, kerosene (paraffin), petrol (gasoline) , refinery gases

22
Q

How does boiling point correspond with the size of their molecules

A

the intermolecular forces of attraction between large molecules becomes greater as there are more electrons in the molecules and greater surface area contact between them meaning that more heat is needed to separate the molecules, hence with increasing molecular size there is an increase in boiling point

23
Q

What is viscosity

A

The ease of flow of a liquid, high viscosity liquids are thick and flow less easily

24
Q

How does viscosity correspond to chain length

A

Viscosity increases with increasing chain length, due to the increased intermolecular forces of attraction as molecular size increases

25
Q

How does flammability correspond to chain length

A

smaller hydrocarbon molecules are more flammable and are easier to ignite than larger molecules

26
Q

Equation for complete combustion

A

Hydrocarbons + oxygen —> carbon dioxide+ water

27
Q

Equation for incomplete combustion

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen —> carbon monoxide + carbon + water

28
Q

Equation for incomplete combustion when there is not enough oxygen to form monoxide

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen —> carbon + water

29
Q

What are the 2 methods used for cracking alkanes

A

Catalytic cracking and steam cracking

30
Q

Describe the process for cracking

A

The hydrocarbon is heated until vapourised/ evaporated, the broken porcelain or aluminium oxide acts as a catalyst, as the vapours pass over the catalyst thermal decomposition occurs and hydrocarbon is cracked into smaller chained hydrocarbons and an alkane and an alkene are produced

31
Q

Why are alkenes more desirable than alkanes

A

They are more reactive because due to the presence of carbon carbon double bond so they can take part in reactions alkanes can’t

32
Q

What 2 useful reactions do alkenes undergo

A

Bromination and polymerisation

33
Q

What is the test for alkanes/alkenes

A

Bromine water
Alkane + bromine water=no reaction & solution stays orange
Alkene + bromine water=reaction & solution turns colourless

chemistry EOY 👸 (4 decks)

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