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chemistry EOY 👸 > Atomic Structure And Bonding > Flashcards

Atomic Structure And Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus

A

Protons, neutrons

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2
Q

Which subatomic particle are in the shells

A

Electrons

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3
Q

What is an element

A

A substance that is made of only one sort of atom

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4
Q

How many elements are there

A

118

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5
Q

What does atomic mass show

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus and is represented by symbol A as it is on top

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6
Q

What does atomic number show

A

Number of protons and electrons the symbol for this number is Z as it is at the bottom

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7
Q

What does period number show

A

(Goes across ) Number of shells

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8
Q

What do groups show on the periodic table

A

(Vertical columns) same number of valence electrons (ones in the outer shell)

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9
Q

Group one

A

Alkali metals

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10
Q

Group 2

A

Alkaline earth metals

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11
Q

Group 7

A

Halogens

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12
Q

Group 0

A

Noble gasses

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13
Q

What is a compound

A

A pure substance made up of 2 or more elements chemically combined which cannot be separated by physical means

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14
Q

What is a mixture

A

Consists of 2 or more different substances not chemically joined together

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15
Q

Ionic bonding

A

The metal atoms become positive ions and the non-metal atoms become negative ions. There is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between these oppositely charged ions – this is called an ionic bond.

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16
Q

Covalent bonding

A

A covalent bond is between non metals it is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.

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17
Q

Metallic bonding

A

The metallic bond is the force of attraction between these free-moving (delocalised) electrons and positive metal ions

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18
Q

What is an ion

A

Electrically charged particle formed when an atom or molecule gains or loses an electron (s)

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19
Q

What do chemical equations show

A

The reactants ( those on the left side of the arrow the substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction) and the products (the substances produced at the end of a reaction)

20
Q

What does the arrow show in chemical equations

A

The conversion of reactants into products

21
Q

What is written above the arrow

A

Reaction conditions or the name of a catalyst ( a substance added to make a reaction go faster)

22
Q

What is a symbol equation

A

A symbol equation uses formulae of the reactants and products to show what happens in a chemical reaction and must be balanced to give the correct ratio of reactants and products

23
Q

Why must equations be balanced

A

Atoms cannot be created or destroyed so if they exist in the reactants then they must be in the products

24
Q

How are new substances made

A

During chemical reactions however the same atoms are always present before and after the reaction they have just joined up in different ways

25
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass

A

no matter is lost or gained during a chemical reaction, mass is always conserved, therefore the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products, which is why all chemical equations must be balanced.

26
Q

What do all measures of separating mixtures rely on

A

There being a difference in a physical property such as the boiling point or solubility between the substances being separated

27
Q

Charge and relative mass of a proton

A

Charge +1 mass 1

28
Q

Charge and relative mass of a neutron

A

Charge 0 relative mass 1

29
Q

What is the charge and relative mass of an electron

A

Charge -1 relative mass 0

30
Q

What is the relative charge of an atom

A

Neutral as even though they contain charged subatomic particles the charges cancel each other out

31
Q

How to remember which is mass and which is atomic number

A

Think MASS = MASSIVE as mass number is the bigger of the 2 numbers so the smaller one must be the atomic number

32
Q

How to calculate number of neutrons

A

Mass number - atomic number

33
Q

What is the outermost shell of an electron called

A

Valence shell

34
Q

What are negative and positive ions also called

A

Negative - anions
positive - cations

35
Q

What charge are metal ions

A

They loose electrons and become positive

36
Q

What charge are non metal ion s

A

They gain an electrons and become negative

37
Q

What is the structure of ionic compounds

A

It has a giant lattice structure with strong electrostatic forces of attraction as a result of this ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points

38
Q

How are molecules formed

A

When 2 or more atoms are covalently joined together

39
Q

What is the properties of metals

A

Metals are shiny, conductive materials with malleable and ductile properties, they conduct heat and electricity due to the sea of delocalised electrons which can carry charge through the metal lattice structure

40
Q

Describe the arrangement of solids

A

1)Strong forces of attraction between particles, particles are packed very closely together in a fixed and regular pattern
2)Atoms vibrate in a fixed position but can’t change position or move
3)Solids have a fixed volume and shape, and a relatively high density
4) Solid particles have only a small amount of energy

41
Q

Define melting, boiling, freezing, evaporation condensation, sublimation and deposition

A

Melting- solid to liquid
Boiling- liquid to gas
Freezing- liquid to solid
Evaporation- liquid to a gas
Condensation- gas to liquid
Sublimation- solid to gas
Deposition- gas to solid

42
Q

Describe the properties of liquids

A

1) Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container because their particles can flow past each other
2) they are incompressible due to minimal space between particles
3) liquid particles are closely packed together and can move past eachother

43
Q

Describe the properties of gases

A

1) Gases are compressible due to the large spaces between particles allowing them to be pushed closer together.
2)They expand to fill any container as their particles move freely.
3)Gasses have low density because the particles are widely spaced
4)The particles move rapidly and randomly in all directions

44
Q

Aqueous definition

A

A substance which is dissolved in water in other words a solution

45
Q

State symbol of solid liquid gas an aqueous

A

s l g and aq

chemistry EOY 👸 (4 decks)

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