Hydrocarbons

Question 1

what are hydrocarbons? they are classified based on?
what was the system to name organic compounds? what was their principle?
why is it necessary?

Answer 1

the organic compound which only contain 2 elements hydrogen & carbon
type of bonding b/w the carbon atoms
IUPAC
Each diff. organic compound should have a diff. name

Question 2

what are alkanes? general formula? describe the structure of simple alkane?
structural formula for methane?

Answer 2

saturated hydrocarbons
Cn H2n+2

Question 3

how to write structural formula for an alkane?

Answer 3

pg 74

Question 4

how to draw electron dot & cross for alkane?
make one for butane?

Answer 4

pg 75

Question 5

what is hydrogenation? under what conditions it happen? example? what is used as catalyst? example of propyne?

Question 6

what is reduction of alkyl halides?
explain what is reduced? how? give an example? what is used as catalyst? give example of CH3Cl

Question 7

name some properties of alkanes?

Question 8

what is substitution reaction? example?

Question 9

write the trend for the reactivity of halogen with an alkane?

Question 10

what is combustion?
example?

Question 11

what is complete & incomplete combustion? give example in terms of methane?

Question 12

why are lighter alkanes used for fuel?

Question 13

uses of methane

Answer 13

3

Question 14

1 - Butene what does the number mean?

Answer 14

indicates the position of double bond.
so make a double bond between indicated C atom & the atom next to it
so double bond between C1 & C2

Question 15

write structural formulas for 2- Butene and 1 -Pentene.

Question 16

what is dehydration of alcohol? explain with an example written in structural formula form? what is used as catalyst? aka?

Question 17

dehydrohalogenation? catalyst?
example?

Answer 17

in it one H atoms is also removed ususally from alternating halide.

Question 18

write the reactions steps of halogenation?

Answer 18

pg 77

Question 19

structural formula & condensed structural formula for iso butane and neo putane also for iso propane

Question 20

properties of alkenes?

Answer 20

1. unsaturated hydrocarbons
2. first 3 members are gases
3. insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents eg alcohol etc

Question 21

how to know weather a compound is saturated or unstaurated?

Answer 21

decolorization of bromine solution is used for the presence of unsaturation (alkenes alkynes)
if the color remian same it is alkane or saturated

Question 22

how do alkenes react with halogens? example?

Answer 22

pg 81

Question 23

what happens when alkene reacts with KMnO4? state reaction?

Answer 23

pg 81

Question 24

what are alkynes? general formula? write structural formula for 2-Butyne

Answer 24

pg 82

Question 25

properties of alkynes?

Question 26

how are alkynes _____ by _______ to give _________. state reaction steps.

Answer 26

oxidized (addition of O)
by strong alkaline solution of KMnO4
oxalic acid
pg 85