Biochemistry Flashcards
carbs general formula?
organic/inorganic?
describe?
dextrose sugars?
Cx (H2O)y organic
Carbs are monomers & polymers made up of molecules containing aldehyde (-CHO) or ketone (>C=O) groups, along with multiple hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached.
What are monosaccharides?
general formula? types? based on?
name 3 dextrose sugar?
the smallest units of carbohydrates, like glucose and fructose.
(CH2O)n where n= 3 to 6 C atoms
triose, tetrose
no. of carbon atoms it contain.
glucose, mannose, galactose
Key features of monosaccharides?
5
They are white, crystalline solids.
They dissolve in water and taste sweet.
They are reducing in nature (can donate electrons in reactions).
they can rotate polarized light. example, glucose rotates light to the right (dextrose sugars).
they can’t be hydrolyzed as they are simple sugars.
most common monosaccharides? molecular formula?
types of carbs?
glucose & fructose
C6 H12 O6
G: pentahydroxy aldehyde/ aldohexose
F: pentahydroxy ketone/ ketohexose
Oligosaccharides? Types? Properties? 3 examples?
Carbohydrates that, upon hydrolysis, produce 2 to 10 monosaccharides.
Based on the number of monosaccharides formed
White crystalline solids.
Sweet in taste. Soluble in water.
keep sugar in mind when telling the properties of oligo
polysaccharides? properties? examples?
sources of carbs
uses of carbs?
5
3 example for mono and disaccharides
1 for trisaccharides
2 for polysaccharides?
is fructose dextrose?
no
proteins function in human body?
what are proteins?
in protein topic what has functional groups?
amino acids
what are amino acids?
define essential and non-essential amino acids?
how do amino acids join together? show? what is dipeptide?
explain structure of one amino acid. draw it.
fibre functions?
central carbon atom
amino group
carboxyl group
H atom
R- group
pg 93
sources of proteins?
uses of proteins?
what are lipids? name some simple lipids? why are they called glyceryl esters or glycerides?
what are fatty acids? example? chemical formula? where does it occur?
which compounds are included in lipids?
long chain of carboxylic acids and building blocks of lipids.
stearic acid C17 H 35 COOH beef fat
5
name common fatty acids source no. of C atoms and condensed structure?
define fat and oil? what is the reason for different melting points?
1g of glucose provides us _____?
15.6 KJ of energy
sources of lipids?
uses of lipids?
how is margarine and vegetable ghee not oil made?
pg 99
what are nucleic acids? types? nucleotide?
DNA function? example? found?
when was structure of DNA discovered? what is cancer research?
is vitamin organic/inorganic?
amylase is used in ?
____ is used in infant foods?
organic
bread making
lactase
DNA? each strand is made of? how are the strands held together?
how are proteins produced by DNA?
how does DNA store genetic info and pass it on from generation to generation?
by DNA
the order of the base pairs in a strand is a code that stores info which is used to produced proteins.
its double stranded structure
RNA? made of? how is it made? function?
what are vitamins? how to obtain it?
vitamin A? water or fat soluble?
vitamin B? water or fat soluble?
vitamin C? water or fat soluble?
vitamin D? types of vitamins? water or fat soluble?
fat soluble vitamins? example? excess causes?
water soluble vitamins? example? excess causes?
pg 103 complete the table?
A B C D E K defiecinecy symtoms and necessary for
compare components of carbs and proteins?
diff b/w dna and rna? 8
go to notion
it’s imp. to learn this
chemical formula for disaccharides, tri and mono
di: C12 H22 O11
tri: C 18 H32 O 16
mono: C6 H12 O6
n= 12, 18, 6
n= number of C atoms
