Biochemistry

Question 1

carbs general formula?
organic/inorganic?
describe?

Answer 1

Cx (H2O)y organic
Carbs are monomers & polymers made up of molecules containing aldehyde (-CHO) or ketone (>C=O) groups, along with multiple hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached.

Question 2

What are monosaccharides?
general formula? types? based on?

Answer 2

the smallest units of carbohydrates, like glucose and fructose.
(CH2O)n where n= 3 to 6 C atoms
triose, tetrose
no. of carbon atoms it contain.

Question 3

Key features of monosaccharides?

Answer 3

They are white, crystalline solids.
They dissolve in water and taste sweet.
They are reducing in nature (can donate electrons in reactions).
they can rotate polarized light. example, glucose rotates light to the right (dextrose sugars).
they can’t be hydrolyzed as they are simple sugars.

Question 4

most common monosaccharides? molecular formula?
types of carbs?

Answer 4

glucose & fructose
C6 H12 O6
G: pentahydroxy aldehyde/ aldohexose
F: pentahydroxy ketone/ ketohexose

Question 5

Oligosaccharides? Types? Properties? 3 examples?

Answer 5

Carbohydrates that, upon hydrolysis, produce 2 to 9 monosaccharides.
Based on the number of monosaccharides formed
White crystalline solids.
Sweet in taste. Soluble in water.

Question 6

polysaccharides? properties? examples?

Question 7

sources of carbs

Question 8

uses of carbs?
5

Question 9

3 example for mono and disaccharides
1 for trisaccharides
2 for polysaccharides?

Question 10

proteins function in human body?
what are proteins?
in protein topic what has functional groups?

Answer 10

amino acids

Question 11

what are amino acids?
define essential and non-essential amino acids?

Question 12

how do amino acids join together? show? what is dipeptide?

Question 13

explain structure of one amino acid.

Answer 13

central carbon atom
amino group
carboxyl group
H atom
R- group

Question 14

sources of proteins?

Question 15

uses of proteins?

Question 16

what is lipid? name some? building block of lipids?

Question 17

what are fatty acids? example

Question 18

name common fatty acids source no. of C atoms and condensed structure?

Question 19

define fat and oil? what is the reason for different melting points?

Question 20

sources of lipids?

Question 21

uses of lipids?

Question 22

how is margarine and vegetable oil made?

Answer 22

pg 100

Question 23

what are nucleic acids? types? nucleotide?

Question 24

DNA function? example? found?

Question 25

when was structure of DNA discovered? what is cancer research?

Question 26

DNA? each strand is made of? how are the strands held together?

Question 27

how are proteins produced?
how does DNA store genetic info and pass it on from generation to generation?

Answer 27

by DNA
the order of the base pairs in a strand is a code that stores info which is used to produced proteins.
its double stranded structure

Question 28

RNA? made of? how is it made? function?

Question 29

what are vitamins? how to obtain it?

Question 30

vitamin A?

Question 31

vitamin B?

Question 32

vitamin C?

Question 33

vitamin D? types of vitamins?

Question 34

fat soluble vitamins? example? excess causes?

Question 35

water soluble vitamins? example? excess causes?

Question 36

pg 103 complete the table?

Question 37

compare components of carbs and proteins?

Question 38

diff b/w dna and rna?