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hydrocarbons Flashcards

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1
Q

The general formula of alkane is

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

the simplest alkane is

A

methane

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3
Q

each carbon atom in alkane is _____ hybridized.

A

sp3

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4
Q

the geometry of alkanes is

A

tetrahedral

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5
Q

hydrogenolysis is the method by which alkane is prepared from alkyl halide using

A

palladium charcoal as catalyst

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6
Q

methods to produce alkane from carbonyl compounds are

A

Clemmensen
wolf kishner reduction

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7
Q

catalyst used to prepare alkane from alkyl halides are

A

Zn/HCl
Pd/charcoal

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8
Q

condition for hydrogenation of alkene

A

nickel catalyst
200-300 degree celsius

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9
Q

hydrogenation can be done at room temperature using the catalyst

A

platinum or palladium

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10
Q

production of vegetable ghee from vegetable oil is done by

A

hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids

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11
Q

the process in which hydrogenation is accompanied by bond cleavage is called

A

hydrogenolysis

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12
Q

the formula of soda lime

A

CaHNaO2

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13
Q

formula of caustic soda is

A

NaOH

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14
Q

soda-lime is produced by

A

by soaking quick lime with caustic soda and then drying the solution

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15
Q

formula of quick lime is

A

CaO

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16
Q

When sodium salts of fatty acids are heated with soda lime they eliminate_____ molecule to form alkane

A

CO2

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17
Q

The Kolbe electrolysis is suitable for only _____alkanes

A

symmetrical

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18
Q

_____ alkane cannot be produced from kolbe electrolysis

A

methane

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19
Q

mechanism of kolbe elctrolysis

A

when the potassium salts of acetic acid is electrolysed the acetate ion migrates toward the anode
at the anode, the acetate ion gives an electron and forms acetate free radical
acetate free radicals decompose to form methyl free radical and two CO2 molecules
two methyl free radicals combine to give ethane

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20
Q

The Kolbe electrolysis has limited synthetic applications because it forms

A

a number of side proucts

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21
Q

Clemmensen reduction is the reduction of

A

ketone

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22
Q

catalysts used in Clemmensen reduction are

A

zinc amalgam
HCl

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23
Q

zinc amalgam is

A

alloy of mercury with zinc Zn-Hg

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24
Q

In wolf Kishner reduction _______ is reduced

A

aldehyde

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25
Q

Condition for wolf kishner reduction

A

200-degree celsius
hydrazine with KOH

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26
Q

formula of hydrazine is

A

N2H4

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27
Q

by using carbonyl compounds _____ is produced along with alkane

A

water molecule

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28
Q

alkanes containing up to ___ carbon atoms are colourless, odourless gases

A

4

29
Q

pentane to heptadecane are in ______ state

A

liquid

30
Q

The members of alkanes from ______ are waxy solids

A

C18

31
Q

The boiling points of alkanes increase by ____ for addition of each CH2 molecule

A

20-30-degree celsius

32
Q

the boiling point of n-butane is

A
  • 0.50-degree celsius
33
Q

the boiling point of iso-butane is

A
  • 11.7-degree celsius
34
Q

alkanes are also called

A

parafins

35
Q

alkenes have general formula of

A

CnH2n

36
Q

alkenes are also known as

A

olefiens

37
Q

the simplest alkene is

A

ethene

38
Q

process for preparation of alkanes are

A

from alkenes (hydrogenation)
from alkyl halides
Decarboxylation of monocarboxylic acids(kolbe electrolysis)
From alkyl halides (Clemmensen and wolf kishner reduction)

39
Q

Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides is the

A

elimination of halogen along with a hydrogen atom from adjacent carbons

40
Q

alkyl halides use _____ to undergo dehydrohalogenation reaction

A

alcoholic potassium hydroxide

41
Q

for dehydration of alcohols the dehydrating agents used are

A

Al2O3
P2O5
concentrated H2SO4

42
Q

The best method for dehydration of alcohol is

A

To pass vapors of alcohols over heated alumina at 340-450-degree celsius

43
Q

The ease of dehydration of alcohol is

A

Tertiary alochol> Secondary alcohol> primary alcohol

44
Q

condition for dehydration of primary alcohal

A

75% H2SO4
140-170-degree celsius tempterature

45
Q

Condition for dehydration of secondary alcohol

A

60% H2SO4
100-degree celsius temp

46
Q

condition for dehydration of tertiary alcohol

A

20% H2SO4
85-degree celsius temperature

47
Q

vicinal dihalides have halogen atoms on____ carbon atoms

A

adjacent

48
Q

Dehalogenation of dihalides occurs when it is treated with

A

zinc dust with an anhydrous solvent like
methanol or
acetic acid

49
Q

in the dehydration of alcohols, the reaction intermediate is

A

carbocation

50
Q

2-Methylpropane is more stable than n-butane because

A

branched alkanes are more stable than linear alkanes

51
Q

electronegativity of carbon is

A

2.5

52
Q

electronegativity of hydrogen is

A

2.1

53
Q

unreactivity of alkane is due to

A

inertness of sigma bond
non polar nature

54
Q

reaction given by alkanes are

A

thermal and catalytic reactions
substitution reaction

55
Q

incomplete oxidation of methane produces

A

carbon monoxide
carbon black

56
Q

catalytic oxidation is done using

A

Cu as catalyst
at 400 degrees celsius temperature
200 atm pressure

57
Q

catalytic oxidation of alkanes is used industrially to prepare higher fatty acids used in_____ industries

A

Soap
vegetable oil

58
Q

alkanes undergo vapour phase nitration under drastic conditions that is

A

400-500 degrees celsius

59
Q

nitro alkanes are used as

A

fuels
solvents
in organic synthesis

60
Q

reaction of alkanes with flourine results in the formation of a mixutre containing

A

carbon
fluorinated alkanes
hydrofluoric acid

61
Q

lindlar catalyst is

A

palladium supported with BaSO4 poisoned with quinoline

62
Q

partial hydrogenation of alkynes can be done by

A

lindlar catalyst
birch reduction

63
Q

trans alkene can be produced by

A

birch reduction

63
Q

lindlar catalyst produces _____ alkene

A

Cis alkene

64
Q

birch reduction is done by

A

treating Na with liquid NH3 at -33 degree celsius

65
Q

product formed by the oxidation of formaldehyde is

A

formic acid

66
Q

catalytic oxidation of methane produces

A

methanol

67
Q

oxidation of methanol produces

A

formaldehyde

68
Q
A

Chemistry (5 decks)

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