hydrocarbons

Question 1

The general formula of alkane is

Answer 1

CnH2n+2

Question 2

the simplest alkane is

Answer 2

methane

Question 3

each carbon atom in alkane is _____ hybridized.

Answer 3

sp3

Question 4

the geometry of alkanes is

Answer 4

tetrahedral

Question 5

hydrogenolysis is the method by which alkane is prepared from alkyl halide using

Answer 5

palladium charcoal as catalyst

Question 6

methods to produce alkane from carbonyl compounds are

Answer 6

Clemmensen
wolf kishner reduction

Question 7

catalyst used to prepare alkane from alkyl halides are

Answer 7

Zn/HCl
Pd/charcoal

Question 8

condition for hydrogenation of alkene

Answer 8

nickel catalyst
200-300 degree celsius

Question 9

hydrogenation can be done at room temperature using the catalyst

Answer 9

platinum or palladium

Question 10

production of vegetable ghee from vegetable oil is done by

Answer 10

hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids

Question 11

the process in which hydrogenation is accompanied by bond cleavage is called

Answer 11

hydrogenolysis

Question 12

the formula of soda lime

Answer 12

CaHNaO2

Question 13

formula of caustic soda is

Answer 13

NaOH

Question 14

soda-lime is produced by

Answer 14

by soaking quick lime with caustic soda and then drying the solution

Question 15

formula of quick lime is

Answer 15

CaO

Question 16

When sodium salts of fatty acids are heated with soda lime they eliminate_____ molecule to form alkane

Answer 16

CO2

Question 17

The Kolbe electrolysis is suitable for only _____alkanes

Answer 17

symmetrical

Question 18

_____ alkane cannot be produced from kolbe electrolysis

Answer 18

methane

Question 19

mechanism of kolbe elctrolysis

Answer 19

when the potassium salts of acetic acid is electrolysed the acetate ion migrates toward the anode
at the anode, the acetate ion gives an electron and forms acetate free radical
acetate free radicals decompose to form methyl free radical and two CO2 molecules
two methyl free radicals combine to give ethane

Question 20

The Kolbe electrolysis has limited synthetic applications because it forms

Answer 20

a number of side proucts

Question 21

Clemmensen reduction is the reduction of

Answer 21

ketone

Question 22

catalysts used in Clemmensen reduction are

Answer 22

zinc amalgam
HCl

Question 23

zinc amalgam is

Answer 23

alloy of mercury with zinc Zn-Hg

Question 24

In wolf Kishner reduction _______ is reduced

Answer 24

aldehyde

Question 25

Condition for wolf kishner reduction

Answer 25

200-degree celsius hydrazine with KOH

Question 26

formula of hydrazine is

Answer 26

N2H4

Question 27

by using carbonyl compounds _____ is produced along with alkane

Answer 27

water molecule

Question 28

alkanes containing up to ___ carbon atoms are colourless, odourless gases

Answer 28

4

Question 29

pentane to heptadecane are in ______ state

Answer 29

liquid

Question 30

The members of alkanes from ______ are waxy solids

Answer 30

C18

Question 31

The boiling points of alkanes increase by ____ for addition of each CH2 molecule

Answer 31

20-30-degree celsius

Question 32

the boiling point of n-butane is

Answer 32

- 0.50-degree celsius

Question 33

the boiling point of iso-butane is

Answer 33

- 11.7-degree celsius

Question 34

alkanes are also called

Answer 34

parafins

Question 35

alkenes have general formula of

Answer 35

CnH2n

Question 36

alkenes are also known as

Answer 36

olefiens

Question 37

the simplest alkene is

Answer 37

ethene

Question 38

process for preparation of alkanes are

Answer 38

from alkenes (hydrogenation) from alkyl halides Decarboxylation of monocarboxylic acids(kolbe electrolysis) From alkyl halides (Clemmensen and wolf kishner reduction)

Question 39

Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides is the

Answer 39

elimination of halogen along with a hydrogen atom from adjacent carbons

Question 40

alkyl halides use _____ to undergo dehydrohalogenation reaction

Answer 40

alcoholic potassium hydroxide

Question 41

for dehydration of alcohols the dehydrating agents used are

Answer 41

Al2O3 P2O5 concentrated H2SO4

Question 42

The best method for dehydration of alcohol is

Answer 42

To pass vapors of alcohols over heated alumina at 340-450-degree celsius

Question 43

The ease of dehydration of alcohol is

Answer 43

Tertiary alochol> Secondary alcohol> primary alcohol

Question 44

condition for dehydration of primary alcohal

Answer 44

75% H2SO4 140-170-degree celsius tempterature

Question 45

Condition for dehydration of secondary alcohol

Answer 45

60% H2SO4 100-degree celsius temp

Question 46

condition for dehydration of tertiary alcohol

Answer 46

20% H2SO4 85-degree celsius temperature

Question 47

vicinal dihalides have halogen atoms on____ carbon atoms

Answer 47

adjacent

Question 48

Dehalogenation of dihalides occurs when it is treated with

Answer 48

zinc dust with an anhydrous solvent like methanol or acetic acid

Question 49

in the dehydration of alcohols, the reaction intermediate is

Answer 49

carbocation

Question 50

2-Methylpropane is more stable than n-butane because

Answer 50

branched alkanes are more stable than linear alkanes

Question 51

electronegativity of carbon is

Answer 51

2.5

Question 52

electronegativity of hydrogen is

Answer 52

2.1

Question 53

unreactivity of alkane is due to

Answer 53

inertness of sigma bond non polar nature

Question 54

reaction given by alkanes are

Answer 54

thermal and catalytic reactions substitution reaction

Question 55

incomplete oxidation of methane produces

Answer 55

carbon monoxide carbon black

Question 56

catalytic oxidation is done using

Answer 56

Cu as catalyst at 400 degrees celsius temperature 200 atm pressure

Question 57

catalytic oxidation of alkanes is used industrially to prepare higher fatty acids used in_____ industries

Answer 57

Soap vegetable oil

Question 58

alkanes undergo vapour phase nitration under drastic conditions that is

Answer 58

400-500 degrees celsius

Question 59

nitro alkanes are used as

Answer 59

fuels solvents in organic synthesis

Question 60

reaction of alkanes with flourine results in the formation of a mixutre containing

Answer 60

carbon fluorinated alkanes hydrofluoric acid

Question 61

lindlar catalyst is

Answer 61

palladium supported with BaSO4 poisoned with quinoline

Question 62

partial hydrogenation of alkynes can be done by

Answer 62

lindlar catalyst birch reduction

Question 63

trans alkene can be produced by

Answer 63

birch reduction

Question 63

lindlar catalyst produces _____ alkene

Answer 63

Cis alkene

Question 64

birch reduction is done by

Answer 64

treating Na with liquid NH3 at -33 degree celsius

Question 65

product formed by the oxidation of formaldehyde is

Answer 65

formic acid

Question 66

catalytic oxidation of methane produces

Answer 66

methanol

Question 67

oxidation of methanol produces

Answer 67

formaldehyde