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Chemistry Paper 2 > Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

Hydrocarbons Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound that is formed from hydrogen and carbon atoms only

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2
Q

What bond do alkanes have?

A

Alkanes have a single C-C bond

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3
Q

What is the formula for alkanes?

A

Cn H2n+2

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4
Q

What are alkanes?

A

Alkanes are a homologous series

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5
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A group of organic compounds that react in a similar way

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6
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated

A

Alkanes are saturated compounds

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7
Q

What are the first four alkanes?

A

Methane, Ethane, Propane, and Butane

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8
Q

How do the properties of a hydrocarbon change as the chain gets longer?

A

The shorter a hydrocarbon is:

  • The less viscous (the more runny)
  • The more volatile (lower boiling points)
  • The more flammable
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9
Q

What is meant by complete combustion?

A

Complete combustion occurs when there is plenty of oxygen

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10
Q

What type of bond do alkenes have?

A

Alkenes have a C=C double bond

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11
Q

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Alkenes have two fewer hydrogens compared with alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This makes them unsaturated.

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12
Q

What are the first four alkenes?

A

Ethene, Propene, Butene, and Pentene

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13
Q

What is the formula for an alkene?

A

Cn H2n

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14
Q

What is incomplete combustion?

A

Occurs when there is not enough oxygen in the air

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15
Q

Why do alkenes burn with a smoky flame?

A

When alkenes burn they tend to undergo incomplete combustion which can produce carbon and carbon monoxide which is a poisonous gas.

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16
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A group of atoms in a molecule that determine how that molecule typically reacts

17
Q

How do alkenes typically react?

A

They react via addition reactions

18
Q

How does an addition reaction work?

A

The carbon-carbon double bond will open up to leave a single bond and a new atom is added to each carbon

19
Q

What is the addition of hydrogen known as?

A

The addition of hydrogen is known as hydrogenation

20
Q

How can alcohols be made using alkenes?

A

Steam can react with alkenes to form alcohols

Chemistry Paper 2 (7 decks)

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