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Pharmaceutics II > Hydroalcoholic Solutions (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Hydroalcoholic Solutions (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Elixir

A

clear, sweetened flavored hydroalcoholic solutions
oral use

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2
Q

advantages of elixirs

A

flexibility of doses
easy of dosage administration

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3
Q

disadvantages of elixirs

A

high concentration of alcohol
not suitable with drugs with Antabuse activity
drugs can cause drowsiness

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4
Q

elixirs when compared to syrups

A

have more alcohol
less sweet and viscous
more stable
easy to prepare
can maintain water soluble and alcohol soluble components

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5
Q

solvents for elixirs

A

water
alcohol
glycerin
propylene glycol

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6
Q

each elixir requires a specific blend of ____________ to maintain all components

A

alcohol and water

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7
Q

sweeteners in elixirs

A

sucrose
sorbitol
glycerin
propylene glycol
artificial sweetners

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8
Q

when elixirs contain propylene glycol as the sweetener,

A

there is low alcoholic content

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9
Q

when elixirs contain artificial sweeteners as the sweetener,

A

there is high alcoholic content

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10
Q

elixirs are _____________ because they contain more than _______ of alcohol

A

self-preserving

12%

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11
Q

non-mediated elixirs

A

pleasant tasting vehicles
diluents for medicated elixirs

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12
Q

all components of an elixir should be

A

chemically and physically compatible

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13
Q

digoxin elixir

A

insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol
not interchangeable with solid dose forms
generally for children

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14
Q

how are elixirs prepared?

A

simple solution with agitation

admixture 2 or more liquid ingredients

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15
Q

when mixing 2 or more liquid ingredients with alcohol soluble and water soluble components, the aqueous solution should be ______________

why?

A

added to the alcoholic solution

to maintain the highest possible alcohol strength

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16
Q

after preparing an elixir, the final product can be _______ due to ______________

A

cloudy

seperation of flavoring oils

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17
Q

why are elixirs permitted to stand for a few hours?

A

permit oil particles to coalesce

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18
Q

elixirs have to be

A

filtered via talc to absorb excessive oil

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19
Q

storage of elixirs

A

tight, light resistant containers
protected from excessive heat

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20
Q

tinctures

A

alcoholic extract or solution of a non-volatile substance

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21
Q

tinctures have an ethanol percentage of

A

40-60% (up to 90%)

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22
Q

cosolvents in tinctures

A

vinegar
glycerol
ether
propylene glycol

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23
Q

preparation of tincture

A

simple solution
extraction

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24
Q

extraction

A

withdrawal of desired compounds from plant material by the use of selected solvents in which the desired compounds are soluble

25
percolation
slow passage of a suitable solvent through a column
26
maceration
crude drug is permitted to soak in the menstruum until the soluble components are dissolved
27
when in maceration the most efficient method of extraction?
for drugs containing little or no cellular material
28
tinctures cannot be mixed with
liquids too diverse in solvent character
29
Laudanum (Opium tincture) contains _________________ more morphine than Paregoric (camphorated tincture of opium)
25 times
30
how are tinctures ingested?
adding drops to a glass of water
31
general dosage of tinctures for children
5-10 drops
32
general dosage of tinctures for adults
10-40 drops
33
spirits
alcoholic/hydroalcoholic solutions of aromatic or volatile substances
34
alcoholic concentration of spirits
over 60%
35
spirits are mixed with
water to form a milky preperation
36
spirits are used as
flavoring agents preparation of aromatic drugs
37
methods of administration for spirits
orally topically inhalation
38
methods of preparation for spirits
simple solution maceration distillation
39
storage of tinctures and spirits
tightly stoppered not exposed to heat or sunlight stored in a light resistant container
40
ancillary label for topical solutions
for external use only
41
topical solutions can contain a _________ to define the application area
dye
42
packaging of topical solutions
glass/plastic bottles with applicator tip plastic squeeze bottles delivers meds in drops
43
purpose of astrigent
to dry (for dermatologic solutions, lotions, etc.)
44
calcium hydroxide topical solution (limewater)
saturated solution of Ca(OH)2 in water Ca(OH)2 is less soluble in hot water than cold only the supernatant should be used
45
coal tar topical solution (LCD) components
20% coal tar 5% Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) surfactant
46
how to prepare LCD
maceration (soak coal tar in alcohol)
47
dilute LCD with _____________ of water
9 volumes
48
Lugol's solution uses
antiseptic and disinfectant emergency disinfectant of drinking water replenish iodine deficiency emergency source of iodide to block radioactive iodine uptake
49
If there is a 5% Lugol's solution, there is
5% (w/v) iodine and 10% (w/v) potassium iodide
50
since iodide has very low aqueous solubility, what is done?
potassium iodide is added to increase solubility
51
hydrogen peroxide topical solution
local anti-infective wounds cleanser
52
Peridex 4%
oral rinse forms yellow-brown stains on teeth
53
Pivodone Iodine Topical Solutions 10% (betadine)
antiseptic solution
54
Thimerosal Tincture (50% alcohol)
antibacterial agent preservative light sensitive
55
Iodine tincture
topical local anti-infective agent
56
Compound benzoin tincture (Swedish balsam)
protectant of the skin inhalant of bronchitis vehicle for podophyllum
57
aromatic waters
aqueous solutions saturated with aromatic or volatile compounds perfuming, flavoring
58
diluted acids
aqueous solutions prepared by diluting the concentrated acids with purified water

Pharmaceutics II (9 decks)

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