HY 3/

Question 1

Selective mutism is most commonly a manifestation of ___ anxiety in children.

Answer 1

social

Question 2

___ agreement is an interest-based method used to resolve any conflicts between 2 people.

Answer 2

Integrative

Question 3

The ___ (PPVT) specifically assesses verbal comprehension (understanding) in children with expressive impairments. In the test, 175 picture plates with 4 pictures on each plate are shown to the subject. The subject points to picture most like the stimulus word (shown on a card). Note that the PPVT tests comprehension in verbally handicapped subjects who need not respond verbally. Subjects point to the correct answer.

Note that there is another test with the word “Peabody,” the Peabody Individual Achievement Test.

Answer 3

Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test

Question 4

The Woodcock-Johnson and the (Wechsler Individual Achievement Test) WIAT-II are achievement tests; that is, they can identify specific skill deficits that can become the focus of ___ intervention.

Answer 4

educational

Question 5

The hallmark behavioral profile of ___ is hyperphagia, food-seeking behavior, non-food-related obsessive-compulsive rituals, self-mutilations, temper tantrums, and intellectual disability. Such children are usually obese because of hyperphagia and have other comorbid psychiatric issues like depression stemming from low self-esteem and bullying from peers. The genetic mutation associated with this syndrome lacks expression on paternal chromosome 15; it can be due to 3 causes: paternal deletion, maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) imprinting defect.

Answer 5

Prader-Willi syndrome

Question 6

___ according to cognitive testing done in children with intellectual disabilities having concurrent disruptive behavior, has shown to improve the cognitive ability along with good control over behavioral issues. The improvement is small but significant according to the clinical findings.

Answer 6

Risperidone

Question 7

___ 94-142 is also known as the Education of All Handicapped Children Act (or EHC). This act required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education for children with physical and mental disabilities. Public schools were required to evaluate handicapped students and create an educational plan with parent input that would emulate as closely as possible the educational experience of non-disabled students. EHC was revised and renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in the 1990s.

Answer 7

Public Law

Question 8

Children acquire the capacity for a mature understanding of death as irreversible, final (associated with non-functionality), and inevitable or universal between the ages of ___ and 7 years.

Answer 8

5

Question 9

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is evident by rigidity, hyperthermia, and altered sensorium after starting haloperidol or other antipsychotic. It is a rare side effect of antipsychotics. Management includes hydration, stopping the offending drug, and /or ___ and dantrolene. Special attention should be paid to renal function tests as these patients may develop rhabdomyolysis. Bromocriptine acts by increasing dopamine and overcoming the neuroleptic-induced dopaminergic blockade.

Answer 9

bromocriptine

Question 10

ADHD occurs about 10-fold more often than expected with ODD and ___, while major depression is 7-fold more common and substance use disorder 4-fold more common (the latter in adolescents).

Answer 10

Conduct disorder

Question 11

Williams syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a deletion of about 26 genes from an arm of chromosome ___; the syndrome is characterized by “elfin” facial features, cardiovascular problems, and developmental delay coupled with strong language skills.

Answer 11

7

Question 12

A recent study of a cohort of children born in the US in 2001 found that 13% of them had a developmental delay. Of these children with developmental delay, only ___ at 2 years of age were receiving the early intervention services mandated by IDEA.

Answer 12

10%

Question 13

The child’s hospital bed is a designated safe place. In contrast, all painful procedures need to be carried out in the ___ room.

Answer 13

treatment

Question 14

Elevated whole blood ___ is the first biomarker identified in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is present in more than 25% of affected children.

Answer 14

serotonin

Question 15

During a pre-transplantation psychiatric evaluation of an adolescent patient it is beneficial to meet the ___ first to reassure the adolescent that his concerns and feelings hold primary importance.

Answer 15

patient

Question 16

The kappa statistic is employed in assessing level of agreement across ___. Values above .75 represent high levels of agreement, values in the range of .40 to .75 represent moderate levels of agreement, and values below .40 represent low levels of agreement.

Answer 16

raters

Question 17

A p value is the statistical ___ of a result.

Answer 17

significance

Question 18

Hypopigmented macules (ash-leaf spots) and shagreen patches are associated with ___, an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome associated with intellectual disability & epilepsy.

Answer 18

tuberous sclerosis

Question 19

Hand wringing (the clasping together and squeezing of one’s hands) and choreatic movements are characteristic of ___ syndrome (RS), a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a mutation in MECP2 in the region of the gene methyl CpG-binding protein. Early neurological regression and a delay in acquiring new skills is another important clinical presentation or RS. Children with RS typically have regression of milestones, hand-wringing movement, and abnormal gait.

Answer 19

Rett

Question 20

ASD has been associated with acceleration of ___ growth due to failure of apoptosis in the cortex.

Answer 20

head

Question 21

Several second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the management of acute and/or mixed ___ in children and adolescents who are 10-17 years of age. These include risperidone, olanzapine, asenapine, aripiprazole, and quetiapine.

Answer 21

mania

Question 22

Lithium has been approved by the FDA for the treatment and prevention of recurrence of BPAD mania & maintenance in those aged ___ years and older.

Answer 22

7

Question 23

A combination of fluoxetine and olanzapine is FDA approved for the treatment of bipolar ___ in 10-17-year-old patients.

Answer 23

depression

(Olanzapine by itself has FDA approval, 13-17, for schizophrenia and Mania (bipolar acute mania)

Question 24

A 2-year-old should have a vocabulary of ___ words and be able to combine them into 2-word phrases. Children at this age start learning pronouns, although they frequently use me instead of I. The child should be able to follow multi-step commands. Two-years-old can also run, throw a ball overhand, and kick a ball. They should be able to copy a straight line when drawing and turn pages in a book.

Answer 24

50

Question 25

Tourette’s syndrome (TS), which is characterized by the presence of multiple motor tics and vocal tics with the onset before 18 years of age. The tics appear several times a day nearly every day for more than one year with a remission period of not more than ___ months.

Answer 25

2

Question 26

___ (HRT) is the first-line treatment choice in patients with TS, which has shown effectiveness in reducing the severity of tics. Pharmacological treatment is usually withheld until the tics are causing significant impairment of functioning due to their significant adverse effects. Clonidine is an alpha 2 receptor agonist which is preferred first-line treatment option when considering pharmacotherapy even though it is less effective than haloperidol because of its favorable adverse effects profile when compared to haloperidol.

Answer 26

Habit reversal training

Question 27

Cross-sectional study analyzes subjects and identifies the risk factors, exposure, and case status at a single point in time. The outcome in both groups with and without exposure can then be compared. A cross-sectional study is for health behaviors and exposure and is beneficial for descriptive epidemiology. In this study, the researcher wants to identify psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in a specific area. A cross sectional study is used for ___.

Answer 27

prevalence

Question 28

In a Case-control study the subjects are identified and selected depending on whether they have the ___ or not. The exposures are then recognized by looking backward from records. It compares 2 groups retrospectively and is useful for studying rare diseases.

Answer 28

outcome

Question 29

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is an X-linked recessive muscular dystrophy that results in slowly progressing muscular weakness in the legs and pelvis. Compared to DMD, BMD symptoms occur later in life, often in the ___-teen years. Some functional dystrophin is present in BMD, which makes it less severe than DMD. Children with BMD do not have cognitive impairment or cardiomyopathy. Arrhythmias occur, but less frequently in BMD than in DMD.

Answer 29

pre

Question 30

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is X-linked recessive with an ___ of dystrophin and starts in childhood around 2 to 6 years of age. A range of 20% to 50% of children has cognitive impairment and intellectual disability. Survival is rare beyond the early 30s.

Answer 30

absence

Question 31

Friedreich’s ataxia is caused by expansion of ___ and results in cerebellar degeneration and gait disturbance. The peak onset is between 10 and 13 years of age and also results in hearing loss, dysarthria, and cognitive deficits.

Answer 31

GAA

Question 32

Guillain-Barre syndrome is a post-infectious inflammatory neuropathy and results in ___ in the extremities. It results in difficulty walking and ataxia, and weakness “spreads upwards.”

Answer 32

paresthesias

Question 33

Myotonic dystrophy is the most common type of muscular dystrophy that occurs in ___, but it can occur in childhood as well. It also has other effects such as causing cataracts, conduction issues in the heart, and intellectual disability.

Answer 33

adulthood

Question 34

Major depressive disorder with anxious distress can be mild (two symptoms), moderate (___ symptoms), severe (four or more), depending on number of features like feeling tense, difficulty concentrating due to worry, fear something awful may happen.

Answer 34

three

Question 35

Among adolescents and young adults, a history of
___ depression is predictive of a future hypomanic episode. ___ depression is marked by mood reactivity, hyperphagia, hypersomnia, leaden paralysis, and interpersonal rejection sensitivity.

Answer 35

atypical

Question 36

Individuals with moderate intellectual disability, as with someone with an IQ of 45, can often achieve ___ when living in a supervised environment such as a group home.

Answer 36

success

Question 37

The cognitive ___ experienced by many patients with Down syndrome in their 30s and older may make maintenance at home impossible.

Answer 37

decline

Question 38

Once children and adolescents have been identified to be at increased risk of schizophrenia, the goal would be to prevent or slow the onset of the illness. The Australian group found an association of cognitive-behavioral therapy and ___ with delayed progression of psychotic symptoms.

Answer 38

risperidone

Question 39

MECP2 gene mutation occurs in patients with Rett syndrome. This gene is associated with the production of a protein MeCP2, which is essential for brain development. Rett syndrome occurs mostly in ___ (MeCP2 is in X chromosome, so girls have greater chance of mutation), who lose their milestones after achieving them, and a characteristic repetitive hand wringing or tapping movement.

Answer 39

girls

Question 40

HGPRT gene mutations cause ___. It is a rare disorder occurring almost exclusively in males and is characterized by the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency. The patient has behavioral and neurological abnormalities due to the overproduction of uric acid. They present with bladder and kidney stones, cognitive disabilities, and arthritis. Patients with Lesch Nyhan have self mutilating behaviors; this syndrome is inherited as an X linked recessive genetic disorder.

Answer 40

Lesch Nyhan syndrome

Question 41

To diagnose someone with delusional disorder, a patient should have at least one delusion for at least one ___. However, patients with delusional disorder do not exhibit other psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, disorganization of thoughts, or behavior.

Answer 41

month

Question 42

Enuresis (wetting from the age of 5 and older) is not diagnosed until bedwetting occurs at least ___ a week for 3 consecutive months or there is clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning.

Answer 42

twice (twice a week for 3 months, same time period Enuresis & Intermittent Explosive disorder!)

Question 43

___ reasoning occurs in the stage of concrete operations (7-11 years) and involves the formation of a logical conclusion from 2 premises. For example, all horses are mammals, and all mammals are warm-blooded; therefore, all horses are warm-blooded too.

Answer 43

Syllogistic

Question 44

In Re Gault case guarantees the right to juveniles to ___.

Answer 44

counsel

Question 45

The right to a free appropriate public education is guaranteed by the ___ Act 1973.

Answer 45

Rehabilitation

Question 46

The Kansas v. Hendricks U.S. Supreme Court case established the right of states to establish civil ___ statutes.

Answer 46

commitment

Question 47

In specific phobia, the specific phobic object almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety which causes the patient to actively avoid or endure the situation with intense fear. However, symptoms are out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation and to the sociocultural context. Symptoms should last for at least ___ months and cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of function.

Answer 47

6

Question 48

In acute stress disorder, the patient usually presents with the symptoms of intrusive flashbacks, dissociation, and hyperarousal for at least ___ days to one month after a traumatic, life-threatening event.

Answer 48

3

Question 49

Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by at least ___ months of excessive worrying episodes and at least one of the following symptoms: fatigue, irritability, sleep disturbances, difficulties in concentration, muscle pains, and restlessness.

Answer 49

6

Question 50

Primary prevention includes mental health education, competence-building programs, social support systems, and community interventions to reduce stress and eliminate stress agents. ___ prevention is early identification and treatment of illness. Tertiary prevention is the reduction of residual defects and disabilities caused by illness.

Answer 50

Secondary

Question 51

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is the main ___ of serotonin that can be measured in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels, which correlates with the levels of serotonin in the body. Low levels of 5-HIAA have been linked with aggressive behavior and suicide by violent means while high levels of 5-HIAA is associated with autism.

Answer 51

metabolite

Question 52

The order of the 4 stages of play is solitary play, parallel play, ___ play, and cooperative play.

Answer 52

associative

Question 53

There are typically four components of malpractice :Existence of a legal ___, breach of that duty, causal connection between the breach and injury, and measurable harm from the injury.

Answer 53

duty

Question 54

A ___ offense is one which is only considered prohibitive when committed by a certain class of people, usually used in the context of minors. They are acts that are considered illegal because of the age of the individual. Examples of status offenses include truancy from school, consumption of alcohol or cigarettes, running away from home, and possession of a firearm.

Answer 54

status

Question 55

The U.S. carbamazepine prescribing information includes boxed warnings regarding the risks of serious ___ reactions that could include toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. The risk is higher in individuals with the HLA-B1502 allele. The prevalence of this allele is ten times higher in some Asian countries so some are now recommending genetic testing prior to initiating treatment in these populations. If they are HLA-B1502 positive, treatment with carbamazepine should not be started unless benefit outweighs the risk. Some of the most common dose-related adverse effects with carbamazepine include nausea, vomiting, diplopia, blurred vision, fatigue, sedation, dizziness, and ataxia.

Answer 55

dermatological

Question 56

The typical ___ year old perhaps 200 words and is using 2 word phrases; they are able to copy straight lines, have object permanence, stand on tiptoe, walk up and down stairs while holding on, start to run, gets excited when with other children.

Answer 56

2

Question 57

Most children can ride a tricycle well by 3 years of age.

At 4 years of age, children can be expected to draw a square or a cross, throw a ball overhand, hop on 1 foot, use scissors to cut out shapes, and count to 4 pennies. When drawing a person, a 4-year-old will often draw a combined head and body. That is, the 4 limbs will originate from a central circular shape that has a face. This is the combined head and body.

A child can be expected to draw a person with a head, neck, hands, and feet beginning at ___ years of age.

Answer 57

6

Question 58

Physicians are mandated to refer children of any age for assessment and services. Infants and toddlers with disabilities (from birth through 2 years of age) and their families receive early intervention services under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) part ___. Children and youth (from 3 through 21 years of age) receive special education and related services under IDEA part B.

Answer 58

C

Question 59

For many years, fluoxetine was the only antidepressant approved for treating depression in children. It is approved for children from 8 through 18 years of age. In July 2009, the FDA gave approval to ___ as treatment of depression for use in children 12 through 18 years of age. Children often require higher doses of medication due to higher rates of metabolism. Children also require longer medication trials due to higher rates of delayed response.

Answer 59

escitalopram

Question 60

Acetylsalicylic acid, aspirin, can reduce the elimination of valproic acid and result in ___ blood concentrations of valproic acid.

In contrast, carbamazepine and phenytoin can increase the elimination of valproic acid and thus reduce blood concentrations.

Answer 60

elevated

Question 61

Fluoxetine/Prozac (for children of age 8 years or older) and ___ (for children of age 12 years or older) are the two SSRIs that have been approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of pediatric depression. Fluoxetine has been found to have the strongest evidence for use in the treatment of pediatric depression.

Answer 61

escitalopram/lexapro

Question 62

A pixel is the 2-dimensional representation on the scan of the 3-dimensional volume of brain, or ___. Thus, the 2 terms are not synonymous. The smaller the voxel represented by the pixel, the higher the resolution. The unit of measurement for magnetic field strength is the gauss or the tesla (104 gauss). The entire cross-sectional area in a given scan is the field of view, which is approximately 25 cm by 25 cm.

Answer 62

voxel

Question 63

Molecular cytogenetics is used to study the relation of chromosome to the cellular behavior especially during cell division. ___ (FISH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique that involves use of probes with fluorescence which is complementary to the DNA sequence on the gene being studied.

Answer 63

Fluorescence in situ hybridization

Question 64

One of the common side effects of amphetamine is ___ cramps which usually last only for the first few weeks of medication.

Answer 64

leg

Question 65

Bereavement reactions in children can vary with their ages. Usually, children

Answer 65

6

Question 66

Separation anxiety disorder requires a duration of at least ___ weeks, as well as 3 of 8 symptoms of inappropriate or excessive anxiety about separation from home or loved ones.

Answer 66

4

Question 67

Studies have established that a number of factors during childhood are responsible for almost ___ of the mental health disorders occurring in adult life.

Answer 67

50%

Question 68

Around ___ of mental health disorders have an onset before or during adolescence.

Answer 68

50%

Question 69

The APGAR score was devised in 1952 by Dr. Virginia Apgar as a simple way to assess the health of newborn children immediately after childbirth. The Apgar score assesses 5 criteria: appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration. Each criterion can receive a score of 0, 1, or 2. A normal APGAR score is considered to be between ___ and 10. A score of 3 or below is considered critical.

Answer 69

7

Question 70

ADHD has been associated with ___ emotionality, increased novel seeking behavior, decreased behavioral inhibition, and decreased effortful control.

Answer 70

negative

Question 71

In infants, the palmar grasp reflex usually disappears completely by ___ months old.

Answer 71

6

Question 72

The stigmata of ___ syndrome: intellectual disability, obesity associated with hyperphagia, hypogonadism, and cryptorchidism. Other features include small hands and feet, scoliosis, almond-shaped eyes, and hypotonia.

Answer 72

Prader-Willi

Question 73

___ reasoning occurs in the stage of concrete operations and involves the formation of a logical conclusion from 2 premises. For example, all horses are mammals, all mammals are warm-blooded. Therefore, all horses are warm-blooded.

Answer 73

Syllogistic

Question 74

A specific reading disability ___ gene (the DCDC2 susceptibility gene) has been identified on chromosome 6 and one of the markers (JA04) is strongly associated with performance on an orthographic choice reading task.

Answer 74

susceptibility

Question 75

A 2-year-old should have a vocabulary of 50-___ words and be able to use 2-word phrases.

Answer 75

200

Question 76

Most children with fire-setting behavior have externalizing behaviors. But, internalizing problems should not be overlooked. Researchers have found some significant associations between fire behavior and the presence of depressive and anxious characteristics, including more risk for ___ thoughts and attempts. Personality profiles of adolescent fire-setters found significantly higher scores on scales of depression, alienation, and on symptoms such as fear, worry, and withdrawal.

Answer 76

suicidal

Question 77

Interpersonal psychotherapy works on the premise that a person’s emotional state can affect their interpersonal relationships. Improvement in the quality of one’s relationships can dramatically alter the course of a psychiatric illness. Interpersonal psychotherapy is therefore aimed at strengthening those relationships to improve the social functioning of the patient, which in turn leads to the resolution of symptoms of depression. The first phase of this treatment is psychoeducation, in which the therapist helps the patient understand the nature of their disease and discusses the ways in which it is impacting their social functioning. It also involves giving the patient a “___ sick role,” thereby relieving them of usual societal expectations in relationships. This ensures that the person has additional support to overcome their unwillingness to socialize; they are encouraged to socialize while being reassured that they do not have to perform at the same level as expected of others.

Answer 77

limited

Question 78

Velocardiofacial syndrome is associated with a microdeletion at 22q11. This syndrome is associated with hypoparathyroidism and ___ calcium levels. The calcium levels may be low enough to precipitate seizures. Testing calcium levels is crucial in evaluating velocardiofacial syndrome.

Answer 78

low

Question 79

By age 12 months, a child’s weight should ___ and height should increase by 50%. Other 12-month milestones include following a one-step command accompanied by a gesture, imitating an action, walking independently, using a 2-finger pincer grasp, saying a few words other than mama/ dada and out, and cooperating with the dressing of clothes.

Answer 79

triple

Question 80

Although genetics play a very important role in the development of schizophrenia, other factors that involve the environment and birth can also increase the risk for schizophrenia. The season of birth has been implicated as a risk factor, as well as growing up in an ___ environment. Pregnancy and birth complications like hypoxia have been shown to increase the risk for schizophrenia. Other factors like prenatal and perinatal infections, stress, and maternal diabetes are also considered risk factors. Actual history of complications in pregnancy, like bleeding, preeclampsia, diabetes, is associated with schizophrenia. Greater paternal age is considered a risk factor. C-section is considered a risk factor.

Answer 80

urban

Question 81

Tuberous sclerosis is a genetic disorder with autosomal dominant transmission. About ___ of children with tuberous sclerosis develop autism spectrum disorder or features of autism spectrum disorder. Tuberous sclerosis accounts for about 1% to 4% of all autism spectrum disorder cases, but 8% to 14% of autism spectrum disorder cases with seizures. The clinical triad of tuberous sclerosis is intellectual disability, seizures, and hamartomas (mostly affect skin, brain, kidneys, heart, eyes, and lungs).

Answer 81

half

Question 82

___ syndrome is correct because it is an epileptic encephalopathy characterized by loss of language skills. There is acquired verbal aphasia with severe verbal auditory agnosia. Typically, it occurs in children with normal development prior to the onset of this disorder. Epileptiform EEG abnormalities are prominent, especially as the children enter sleep.

Answer 82

Landau–Kleffner

Question 83

Stranger anxiety is a normal developmental milestone that occurs around age ___ months and is seen when the infant or toddler is separated from the caregiver or parents. The child can cry or try to hide behind a parent upon interaction with a stranger; it usually diminishes around age 2.

Answer 83

nine

Question 84

C1q-like protein is involved in the synaptic pruning of the developing neurons in the ___ cortex.

Answer 84

cerebellar

Question 85

A 6-month old child can roll over from front to back and back to front, starts to sit unassisted, may stand up with support and bounce, and try to start crawling. A 9-month-old child pulls to stand up and sit down without support and crawls. A 12-month-old child gets to a sitting position without help, pulls up to stand, and can take a few ___ without holding on and stand up alone. An 18-month-old child can walk alone and even start to run. A 2-year-old can stand on tiptoe, kick a ball and begin to run, climb over furniture, and walk up and down the stairs with support.

Answer 85

steps

Question 86

In patients with autism spectrum disorders who develop depression, there have been anecdotal reports of ___ with SSRIs which may result in impulsive and disruptive behavior. Despite this side effect, SSRIs remain the drug of choice for the treatment of depressive disorders in children with autism.

Answer 86

disinhibition

Question 87

Relaxation and self-hypnosis for recurrent headaches are “___-established” (as is cognitive behavioral therapy for procedure-related pain);

Answer 87

well

Question 88

A history of sexual or physical trauma increases the risk for Binge Eating Disorder. Many with Binge Eating Disorder have a history of childhood obesity and being exposed to negative comments about shape and weight. A family history of depression or mood disorders is seen as a risk factor for binge eating disorders. ___ has a genetic component and tends to run in families.

Answer 88

Binge-eating disorder

Question 89

Kids with ASD have ___ than average head circumference at birth followed by excessive increase in the first year of life. In addition, a recent review showed a significant difference in head circumference in individuals with autism(larger) as compared to control subjects of the same age.

Answer 89

smaller

Question 90

___ are the most common type of childhood brain cancer. They occur more often in boys than girls, usually around 5 years of age. Most ___ occur before the age of 10 years. These tumors most commonly arise in the posterior fossa and their most common complication is hydrocephalus from compression of cerebrospinal fluid pathways. Surgery alone does not cure this type of cancer. Chemotherapy and radiation are often used in combination with surgery.

Answer 90

Medulloblastomas

Question 91

Small volumes of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) are among the most common brain changes in ___, along with atrophy of corpus callosum, caudate, pallidum, and cerebellum. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex occupies the largest portion of the frontal cortex and is responsible for executive processes, and is extensively connected to other parts of the brain. Atrophy of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is characteristic in ADHD with varying severity.

Answer 91

ADHD

Question 92

In multiple controlled trials, ___ has been shown to be the most effective treatment for bulimia nervosa, specifically.

Answer 92

CBT

Question 93

___ therapy is the best type of treatment for individuals with conduct disorder and oppositional behaviors.

Answer 93

Multisystemic

Question 94

Coping cat is a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) program for children aged 7-13 years of age for the treatment of various ___-related disorders. The program consists of about 16 individual therapy sessions of 50 minutes each, divided into 2 parts each of 8 sessions.

Answer 94

anxiety

Question 95

___ assessment evaluates the child’s learning ability without linguistic and cultural bias. Dynamic assessment is the most reliable and adaptable tool that helps differentiate a language difference from a disorder by the commonly utilized test-teach-retest method. It also determines the type of support, cues, and material that the child requires to learn the language and overcome the barriers in communication. However, dynamic assessment is one aspect of assessing cultural and linguistic differences, and the clinician requires further alternative measures, standardized tests, and detailed history to understand the child’s speech and cognitive abilities.

Answer 95

Dynamic

Question 96

The ___-factored evaluation (MFE) is requested whenever a developmental delay is suspected. It can be requested by a parent or by school personnel. Once requested, the MFE must be conducted within 60 days. The MFE is conducted by a psychologist certified by the Department of Education. If a disability is uncovered by the MFE and the child is deemed eligible for services, then an Individualized Education Plan is developed to develop a curriculum and establish the needed services that are individual to that child’s needs.

Answer 96

Multi

Question 97

Valproic acid confers the ___ risk of neural tube defects with in utero exposure compared to other mood stabilizers. The risk is as high as 5% of fetuses exposed in the first trimester. The risk of all congenital malformations has been found to be 10.7%. Carbamazepine also confers risk of neural tube defects, but at lower rates.

Answer 97

highest

Question 98

Cyclothymic disorder is usually diagnosed in a patient who is having numerous periods of symptoms which are not sufficient to meet the criteria of a major depressive or hypomanic/manic episode for at least ___ year in children (or for at least 2 years in adults). During the ___ year in children and adolescents, the hypomanic and depressive periods have been presents for at least half the time and the individual has not been without the symptoms for more than 2 months at a time.

Answer 98

one

Question 99

Although a pediatric victim of abuse should be encouraged to confide in their parents, the doctor must involve ___ and other appropriate agencies to prevent further abuse.

Answer 99

child protective services

Question 100

It has been shown that exposure to ___ and rubella infections in the sixth month of pregnancy have been significantly associated with the development of anorexia nervosa. Additionally, obstetric complications have also been associated with this disorder. Those with anxiety disorders or those who display obsessional traits in childhood are at an increased risk for developing anorexia. Relatives with hoarding disorder is not associated with anorexia. First-degree relatives with eating disorders, depressive disorders, and bipolar disorder increase the risk for developing anorexia.

Answer 100

chickenpox