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Neurology > Huntington's and Parkinson's > Flashcards

Huntington's and Parkinson's Flashcards

1
Q

How is Huntington’s disease inherited?

A

autosomal dominant

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2
Q

What is Huntington’s disease?

A

incurable, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder

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3
Q

When does Huntington’s disease present?

A

middle age

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of early Huntington’s disease?

A

irritability
incoordination
depression

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5
Q

What do the early symptoms of Huntington’s disease progress to?

A

chorea
dementia
+/- fits and death

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6
Q

What is the pathology of Huntington’s disease?

A

Atrophy and neuronal loss of striatum and cortex

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7
Q

What is the genetic basis of Huntington’s disease?

A

Expansion of CAG repeat on chromosome 4

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8
Q

How is Huntington’s disease diagnosed?

A

clinical diagnosis

genetic testing - CAG repeat testing

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9
Q

What is the treatment of Huntington’s disease?

A

No cure

Supportive measures - therapy, antidepressants

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10
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease?

A

Chronic neurodegenerative disease characterised by motor features of parkinsonism

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of parkinsonism?

A

bradykinesia
resting tremor
rigidity

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12
Q

What is the rigidity like in parkinsonism?

A

cogwheel rigidity - felt during rapid pronation/supination

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13
Q

What are some non motor symptoms that occur in Parkinson’s?

A 
constipation
reduced sense of smell
hallucinations 
dribbling of saliva 
depression, dementia
pain
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14
Q

When do non motor symptoms present in Parkinsons?

A

Common in early disease - before motor

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15
Q

What are some causes of Parkinsons?

A

idiopathic parkinsons

drug induced

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16
Q

What is the pathology of parkinson?

A

degeneration of dopaminergic neurones in substantia nigra in basal ganglia

17
Q

What is the treatment in Parkinson’s disease?

A

symptomatic treatment

  • Levodopa (dopamine precursor, give with decarboxylase inhibitor)
  • Dopamine agonists - ropinirole
  • Monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitors - rasagiline
  • Amantadine
18
Q

What is the aim of treatment in parkinson?

A

to enhance intracerebral dopamine concentration or stimulate dopamine receptors

19
Q

What parkinson’s drug has reduced effectiveness with time?

A

levodopa

20
Q

What are some side effects of levodopa?

A 
nausea
somnolence 
oedema 
hallucinations 
psychosis 
hypotension
21
Q

What are side effects of MAO-B inhibitors?

A

postural hypotension

AF

22
Q

What are side effects of dopamine agonists?

A

nausea, somnolence, oedema, hallucinations, compulsive behaviour

23
Q

What can levodopa cause in the long term?

A

dyskinesia

24
Q

What drugs can cause parkinsons?

A

neuroleptics
metoclopramide
prochlorperazine

25
Q

Who do you avoid giving dopamine agonists to?

A

elderly people
gamblers
history of addiction

26
Q

Tremor?

A

clozapine

27
Q

Anti emetic?

A

dompiridone

DONT GIVE cyclazine, prochloropenazine

28
Q

Depression?

A

Tricyclics or SSRIs

Neurology (24 decks)

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