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Neurology > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What modality is the olfactory nerve?

A

sensory

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2
Q

Where are the only neurones in the body that are exposed to the outside world?

A

Olfactory nerve

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3
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve arise?

A

Forebrain

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4
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve enter the skull?

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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5
Q

What cranial nerve controls sense of smell?

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

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6
Q

What is CN I?

A

Olfactory nerve

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7
Q

What is CN II?

A

Optic nerve

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8
Q

What cranial nerve controls sight?

A

Optic nerve (CN II)

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9
Q

What modality is CN II?

A

Sensory

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10
Q

Where does CN II arise?

A

Forebrain

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11
Q

Where does CN II enter the skull?

A

Optic canal

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12
Q

How can you test CN II?

A

light reflexes visual field testing Snellen chart

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13
Q

What is CN III?

A

Oculomotor

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14
Q

What muscles are supplied by CN III?

A

inferior, superior and middle rectus inferior oblique levator palpebrae superioris (LPS)

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15
Q

What is the parasympathetic action of CN III/oculomotor nerve?

A

Supplies sphincter papillae and ciliary muscle

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16
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve arise?

A

Midbrain

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17
Q

Where does CN III leave the brain?

A

superior orbital fissue

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18
Q

Describe a third nerve palsy.

A

Ptosis (as CN III supplies LPS which elevates upper eyelid) Large pupil (as CN III supplies sphincter papillae which constricts pupil) Eye down and out

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19
Q

What is cranial nerve IV?

A

Trochlear

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20
Q

How can you test CN III?

A

Eye movements

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21
Q

What modality is CN IV?

A

motor

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22
Q

What muscle is supplied by CN IV?

A

Superior oblique

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23
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve leave the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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24
Q

Describe a fourth nerve palsy.

A

Diplopia on looking down and in

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25
Q

How can you test CN IV?

A

Eye movements

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26
Q

What is CN V?

A

Trigeminal

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27
Q

What is the sensory function of CN V?

A

Facial sensation

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28
Q

What are the 3 divisions of CN V?

A

1 - ophthalmic 2 - maxillary 3 - mandibular

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29
Q

What cranial nerve enters the skull via foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2 (maxillary)

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30
Q

What cranial nerve enters/exits the skull via foramen oval?

A

CN V3 (mandibular)

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31
Q

Where does CN V1 enter the skull?

A

superior orbital fissure

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32
Q

What muscles are supplied by the trigeminal nerve?

A

muscles of mastication - masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid tensor tympani mylohyoid tensor veli palatini

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33
Q

How do you test CN V?

A

Facial sensation Powers of muscles of mastication

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34
Q

What is CN VI?

A

Abducens

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35
Q

What muscle is supplied by CN VI?

A

lateral rectus

36
Q

Describe a CN VI palsy.

A

horizontal diplopia looking out

37
Q

Where does the abducens nerve leave the skull?

A

superior orbital fissure

38
Q

What cranial nerve is the facial nerve?

A

CN VII

39
Q

What muscles are supplied by the facial nerve?

A

Muscles of facial expression Stapedius Stylohyoid

40
Q

What is the sensory function of CN VII?

A

Taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue via chorda tympani

41
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

CN VII

42
Q

Where does CN VII enter and exit the skull?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

43
Q

How can you test the facial nerve?

A

Raise eyebrows Puff out cheeks Show teeth

44
Q

What is CN VIII?

A

vestibulocochlear

45
Q

What CN controls hearing?

A

CN VIII

46
Q

What tests can you do to test CN VIII?

A

Rhinnes and Webers

47
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve enter the skull?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

48
Q

What CN is the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

CN IX

49
Q

What is the sensory function of CN IX?

A

Taste from posterior third of tongue

50
Q

What muscle is supplied by CN IX?

A

Stylopharyngeus

51
Q

What salivary gland does CN IX supply?

A

Parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland

52
Q

What two cranial nerves make the gag reflex?

A

CN IX and X

53
Q

Where does CN IX enter and exit the skull?

A

Jugular foramen

54
Q

What is CN X?

A

Vagus

55
Q

What CN supplies sensory and motor to the structures of the larynx?

A

CN X

56
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply to the abdominal and thoracic viscera?

A

CN X

57
Q

How does the vagus nerve travel in the neck?

A

in the carotid sheath

58
Q

What is the course of the vagus nerve in the chest?

A

R - lateral aspect of trachea, posterior to hilum of lung, passes through diaphragm with oesophagus L - lateral aspect of aortic arch, crosses arch of aorta, posterior to hilum of lung and passes through diaphragm with oesophagus

59
Q

How can you test CN X?

A
  • patient say ‘ah’ (uvula goes away from abnormal side) - patient swallow some water (splutter?) - hoarseness? (abnormality of muscles of larynx?)
60
Q

What is CN XI?

A

Spinal accessory

61
Q

What muscles are supplied by the spinal accessory nerve?

A

Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius

62
Q

How does CN XI leave the skull?

A

Jugular foramen

63
Q

How do you examine CN XI?

A

shrug shoulders - tests trapezii turn head to left and right against resistance - tests sternocleidomastoid

64
Q

What CN is the hypoglossal nerve?

A

CN XII

65
Q

How does the hypoglossal nerve leave the skull?

A

hypoglossal canal

66
Q

What does CNXII supply?

A

Muscles of the tongue (except palatoglossal - vagus)

67
Q

How do you examine CN XII?

A

Stick tongue straight out (unilateral pathology - tongue deviates towards)

68
Q

What is the afferent/efferent parts of the pupillary reflex?

A

afferent - CN II efferent - CN III

69
Q

Label this cranial nerve.

A

olfactory (CN I)

70
Q

Label this cranial nerve

A

optic nerve CN II

71
Q

Label

A

CN III occulomotor

72
Q

label

A

trochlear CN IV

73
Q

label

A

CN V1,2,3 - trigeminal

74
Q

label

A

CN VI - abducens

75
Q

label

A

CN VII - facial

76
Q

Label

A

CN VIII - vestibulocochlear

77
Q

label

A

CN IX - glossopharyngeal

78
Q

lavel

A

CN X - vagus

79
Q

label

A

CN XI - spinal accessory

80
Q

label

A

CN XII - hypoglossal

81
Q

Label

A
82
Q

WHat is the afferent limb of the corneal reflex?

A

CN V1

83
Q

What is the efferent limb of the corneal reflex?

A

CN VII

84
Q

What is the afferent limb of the gag reflex?

A

CN IX

85
Q

What is the efferent limb of the gag reflex?

A

CN X

86
Q

Which foramen does the internal carotid go through?

A

foramen lacerum

87
Q

Which foramen does the middle meningeal go throguh?

A

foramen spinosum

Neurology (24 decks)

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