Hunger, eating and body weight control

Question 1

Eating is not under strict biological control:

Answer 1

–A. We eat more if food is tasty

–B. We eat more in company

Question 2

Understanding of hunger and eating requires all three of the following:

Answer 2

•(1) short-term appetite homeostatic-based models(e.g., depletion and repletion of blood glucose and calories) ,

(2) long-termgenetic and metabolism energy balance models(e.g., fat cells), and
(3) cognitive–social–environmental models

Question 3

Short-Term Appetite• Glucostatic hypothesis:

Answer 3

When blood-sugar levels drops, people feel hungry and want to eat

Question 4

LH

Answer 4

lateral hypothalamus, hunger center

Question 5

VMH

Answer 5

ventromedial hypothalamus, satiety center

Question 6

What do we (have to) eat?

Answer 6

Protein
Carbohydrates
Minerals:
Fats
Vitamins:
Fiber:
Water:

Question 7

Psychological reasons: of eating,

Answer 7

habit, lunchtime, boredom, sensory experience etc.

Question 8

Settlingpointmodel

Answer 8

Body weight can settle at any point where
•energy in (foodintake) and
•energy out (metabolism) are in balance.

Question 9

BMI

Answer 9

kg/m2

Question 10

BMI VALUE CATEGORY

Answer 10

up to 16.5:Severely underweight

16. 6 to 18.4:Underweight
17. 5 to 24.9:Normal
18. 0 to 29.9:Overweight
19. 0 to 34.9:Obese
20. 0 to 39.9: Severely obese
21. 0 or over:Morbidly obese

Question 11

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 11

Extreme thinness due to prolonged intentional non-eating.
•Fear of gainingweight
•Distorted body image
•Amenorrhea (absence of three consecutive menstrual cycles)

Question 12

Obesity Causes:

Answer 12

–genetic, hormonalfactors, metabolicdisease
–environmentaleffects: eatinghabits, oversensitivitytoincentives
–life-style(sedantary: no or irregular physical activity)
–psychological:

Question 13

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 13

•BMI usually within normal range(20-25)
•Repeated binge eating episodes
–Huge amount of food consumed in a short period of time
–Feeling of loss of control over eating
Purging

Question 14

Inverted anorexia (muscle dismorphia)

Answer 14

• -Perceive themselves as too thin (body image distortion)
• -Ashamedof their bodies (avoid pool and public places, cover their bodieseven in summer)
• -Addictedto body building(anxiety if does not follow rules, use of anabolic steroids)
• -Phobicof body fat

Question 15

Orthorexia nervosa

Answer 15

Compulsive consumption of „healthy” food

measuring, calculating everything