HUMANS IN THEIR ECOLOGICAL SETTING Flashcards
IS THE INTERDISCIPLINARY OR TRANSDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMANS AND THEIR NATURAL, SOCIAL, AND BUILT ENVIRONMENTS
HUMAN ECOLOGY
AS A DISCIPLINE WAS TECHNICALLY BORN WHEN ERNST HAECKEL USED THE WORD “OEKOLOGIE” IN 1866 TO DESCRIBE THE STUDY OF AN ORGANISM’S RELASTIONSHIP TO ITS ENVIRONMENT
ECOLOGY
COMPOSED OF CONCEPT FROM ECOLOGY LIKE INTERCONNECTIVITY, COMMUNITY BEHAVIOR, AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION.
HUMAN ECOLOGY
KNOWN AS THE BULL’S EYE MODEL
DEVOLOPED BY ERNEST BURGESS
SPATIALLY ARRANGED IN A SERIES OF RINGS
ASSUMES AN ISOTROPIC PLAIN
LAND MAY RESTRICT GROWTH OF CERTAIN SECTORS
THE MODEL DOES NOT FIT POLYCENTRIC CITIES
INNER CITY IS POOR WHILE SUBURBS ARE WEALTHY.
CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL
CONCENTRIC MODEL OF HUMAN ECOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
HUMAN ECOLOGY
-PUBLIC POLICY
-COMMUNITY
-ORGANIZATIONAL
-INTERPERSONAL
-INDIVIDUAL
WAS AN AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST KNOWN BEST FOR HIS ROLE IN DEVELOPING “THE CONCEPT AND METHOD” OF cultural ecology, AS WELL AS SCIENTIFIC THEORY OF CULTURE CHANGE
JULIAN HAYNES STEWARD
CALLED FOR A FUTURE WHEN ALL PLANNING WOULD “HUMAN ECOLOGICAL PLANNING” BY DEFAULT. always bound up in human’s relationship with their environments.
IAN McHARG
was a GEOGRAPHER WHO CONSIDERED HUMAN ECOLOGY TO BE UNIQUE FIELD OF GEOGRAPHY.
REGARDED HUMAN ECOLOGY AS THE RELATION BETWEEN GEOGRAPHY AND THE ENVIRONMENT AND DIVIDES IT INTO 3 AREAS:
1. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY (NEEDS AND WANTS)
2. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY (ORGANIZATION)
3. SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY (CONNECTION BETWEEN PEOPLE)
HARLAN H. BARROWS
WAS AN URBAN SOCIOLOGIST WHO CONSIDERED HUMAN ECOLOGY AS THE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOTIC BALANCE AND SOCIAL EQUILIBIRUM.
EMPHASIZED THE CULTURAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN SOCIETY WHICH HE SEPARATED INTO GROUPS:
-ECOLOGICAL,
-ECONOMIC,
-POLITICAL, AND ;
-MORAL.
ROBERT EZRA PARK
a psychologist, worked for the US
government during World War II to
change people’s attitudes toward
RATIONING.
HE USED THE ENVIRONMENT TO DESCRIBE THE MENTAL ENVIRONMENT, EXPANDING HUMAN ECOLOGY INTO THE WORLD OF THE MIND.
KURT LEWIN
an economist, saw a strong correlation
between ECONOMICS AND ECOLOGY based
around five basic similarities between the
two:
1. Both study individuals as members of a species
2. Both have a concept of equilibrium
3. Both involve a system exchange
4. Both imply some concept of development.
5. Both are subject to their equilibriums distorted
by policy
KENNETH E. BOULDING
an anthropologist, emphasized the role
that culture has in explaining the nature of
human societies.
He considered human society to be
dictated by much more than the
immediate physical environment and
biotic assemblage. The nature of local
group is determined by both local
adaptations and larger institutions
JULIAN HAYNES STEWARD
was a sociologist associated with the
University of Chicago.
McKenzie believed human ecology to be
concerned with the process of SPATIAL
grouping of interacting human beings or
of interrelated human institutions.
RODERICK D. McKENZIE
was a landscape architect and writer on
regional planning using natural systems.
He was the founder of the department of
landscape architecture at the University
of Pennsylvania in the United States.
His 1969 book Design with Nature pioneered
the concept of ecological planning.
IAN McHARG
an urban systems ecologist at the Chinese
Academy of Sciences, defines human ecology, in
Chinese terms as the science of the living state or
dynamics of the human being, driven by objective
and subjective factors.
It involves understanding, planning, and
management. According to Wang, Chinese
human ecologists are searching for a feasible
future for their nation that includes high efficiency,
sustainable development, and harmonious
relationships between social, economic, and
natural systems.
RUSON WANG
