Historical Overview and Influences of Planning Flashcards
having to do with cities
- Have a large population, that
means a lot of people live in one
area. - Have more than 50,000 people
- Land in urban areas are used for
taller buildings. - People often live in an
apartment building. - People in urban area use mass
transit for transportation
Urban
relating to a particular region,
district, area, or part as of a country; sectional;
local
Regional
means large amount of land
with low population, far from suburban
and urban areas.
could also be deserts or forests
- Have a very low population
- Have between 1 and 9,999
people living - People living in Rural area have
a lot of space, they can build
houses and other buildings like
barns. - They use the land more for
growing or hunting - People have to use cars for
transportation
Rural
Relating to the natural world and the impact of human activity on its condition
environmental
also known as urban and regional planning, city planning, town and country planning, and/or human settlements planning, refers to the multi-disciplinary art and science of analyzing, specifying, clarifying, harmonizing, managing and regulating the use and development of land and water resources, in relation to their environs, for the development of sustainable communities and ecosystems. (RA 10587)
Environmental planning
means land between rivers
“Fertile Crescent”
*Scope of the Tigris and Euphrates river systems
*Water as basis of urban development
MESOPOTAMIA
10,000 BC- 7TH CENTURY AD
was one of the early civilizations (MESOPOTAMIA)
SUMER
______ City- states created
_______ was power
15
Religion
- Making an orderly sequence of actions to achieve stated goals
- Systematic process of establishing ends and determining means and procedures to achieve that end
Planning Definitions
“…refers to activities connected with the management and development of land, as well as the preservation, conservation and management of the human environment”
PD 1308 Section 2
“Environmental Planning, also known as urban and regional Planning, city Planning, town and country planning, and/or human settlements planning, refers to the multi-disciplinary art and science of analyzing, specifying, clarifying, harmonizing, managing, and regulating the use and development of land and water resources, in relation to their environs, for the sustainable development of sustainable communities and ecosystems”
RA 10587 Section 4 (a)
Planning and the 3 Key Actors
- State (Government/Polity)
- Market (Business/Economy)
- Civil Society (Citizen groups/Culture)
- Planning is conflictive, therefore political
- Power is necessary to carry out plans
-What is feasible politically instead of technically efficient or effective
- State (Government/Polity)
- Without Planning, land would be apportioned between competing uses by price mechanism
- Market (Business/Economy)
- Participation; plan with people, not for
- Plan has to be socially acceptable
- Civil Society (Citizen groups/Culture)
- To safeguard the public interest
- To promote the general welfare
Planning as a function of the State
3,000 - 300 BC
* Religion still powerful: ______ worshipped kings as gods
* Once buried, lives forever
* Pyramids constructed in capital cities
* Cities of dead people (necropolis)
ANCIENT EGYPT
to maximize winds in the summer and minimize them in winter
The city of Priene
Grid model/Hippodamian plan
the father of rational city planning
Hippodamus of Miletus
The center of the city contains the agora (Market place), theatre’s, and temples. Private rooms surround the city’s public arenas.
The plan can be laid out uniformly over any kind of terrain since it’s based on angles and measurements.
Grid model/Hippodamian plan
“If any one internationally pollutes the water of another, whether the water of a spring, or collected in reservoirs, either by poisonous substances, or by digging, or by theft, let the injured party bring the cause before the wardens of the city, and claim in writing the value of the loss; if the accused be found guilty of injuring the water by deleterious substances, let him not only pay damages, but purify the stream or the cistern which contains the water, in such manner as the laws… order the purification to be made by the offender in each case.”
Polluter Pays Principle.
It shall be the responsibility of the polluter to contain, remove, and clean-up water pollution incidents at his own expense. In case of his failure to do so, the government agencies concerned shall undertake containment, removal, and clean-up operations and expenses incurred in said operations shall be against the persons and/or entities responsible for such pollution
Polluter Pays in our Environmental Code (PD1152)
Provided the foundation for the concept of intergenerational equity
for our children’s children
Aristotle
29 BC-393 AD
Excelled in military science and engineering
Designs and inventions looked at improving transport and military strategies
Pre-occupied with defense, built as “Castra”
THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Heavily dependent on water
Engineered sewerage, canals, hydraulics
Socio-political events resulted to religious divisions, absence of military discipline, murder, and citizen unrest
The Roman Empire (29BC - 393 AD)
It led to the fall of rome
Moral Decay
Destroyed the Aqueduct
Vikings
*The church and monasticism
*Rise of Islam
*Byzantine empire
*State power
*The crusades
*Carolingian dynasty
The Medieval Period
Cathedral or monument as a focal point of the city
radial growth
retained the walled city from Roman Practice
Enclosure caused problems such as epidemics and limited resources
Cathedral Cities
Commerce as a driving factor
Called for accessibility and mobility
Like the Medieval Period, had a radial Growth pattern
Plans began to follow the topography of an area
Renaissance
14th to 17th Century AD
