humanistiskt

Question 1

what does motivational psychologist ask?

Answer 1

What do people want!

Question 2

personality psychologist interested in motivational look specifically for…

Answer 2

a desire or motive that propels people to do the things they do

Question 3

these motives operate through…

Answer 3

conscious or unconscious mental processes that generate intrapsychic (pertaining to impulses, ideas, conflicts, or other psychological phenomena that arise or occur within the psyche or mind.) influence on behavior.

Question 4

explain motives

Answer 4

• internal state that arouses and directs behavior towards a specific object or goal
• motive is caused by deficit, a lack of something
• motives differ from each other in type and amount
• motives are based on needs, states of tension within a person. As a need is satisfied, tension is reduced.
• motives propel people to perceive, think and act in ways that serve to satisfy the need.

deficit–> need–> motive

Question 5

explain needs

Answer 5

• needs organize perception, guidning us to “see” what we want (need) to see
• needs organize action by compelling a person to do what is necessary to fulfill the need
• needs referred to states of tension and satisfying a need reduces the tension
• needs refer to the process of reducing tension that is satisfying and not a tensionless state per se
• each need is associated with a specific desire or intention, a particular set of emotions, specific action tendencies, and can be described with trait names
• each person has a unique hierarchy of needs- individual’s needs can be thought of as existing at different levels of strength

Question 6

explain press

Answer 6

Alpha press- objective reality

beta press- perceived reality

Question 7

explain Apperception and the TAT

Answer 7

thematic apperception technique (TAT): ambiguous (kan tolkas på två olika sätt, kanin och anka) pictures presented to a participant for interpretation

Question 8

describe self-determination therapy SDT

Answer 8

• a framework that considers how needs and press come together to guide someone’s behavior
• humans are organisms with a natural tendency towards growth and development and making sense of the world and oneself

Question 9

what are the three strongest needs (according to SDT)

Answer 9

autonomy- need to control the course of their lives
competence- need to be effective in dealing with the environment
relatedness- need to have a close, affectionate relationships with others

Question 10

the three big motives?

Answer 10

achievement- desire to do better, to be successful, feel competent
power- desire to have impact on other
intimacy- desire for warm and fulfilling relationships

Question 11

explain how a person with a high need for achievement is

Answer 11

• prefer activities that offer some, but not too much, challenge
• enjoy tasks where they are personally responsible for the outcome
• ## prefer tasks where the feedback on their performance is available

Question 12

explain the need for power

Answer 12

• readiness or preference for having an impact on people
• people with a high need for power are interested in controlling situations and controlling others
  “ideal wife” preference among men
• prefer friends who do not challenge status
• nPow correlates positively with having arguments with others, taking -larger risks, behaving assertively, more anger when facing disobedience etc
  -people with a high need for power do not deal well with frustration and conflict and show strong stress responses, including high blood pressure

Question 13

explain the need for intimacy

Answer 13

• recurrent preference or readiness for warm, close, communicative interactions with others
• people with a high (compared to those with a low) need for intimacy:
  spend more time during the day thinking about relationships
  report more pleasant emotions when around other people
  smile, laugh, make more eye contact
  start up conversations more frequently and communicate more
• characterized as “loving”, “sincere”, “not self-centered”
• nlnt individuals enjoy company of others and are more expressive and communicative
• woman, on average, have higher need for intimacy than men
• if single or away from a partner, show indirect aggression and envy.

Question 14

humanistic tradition: the motive to…

Answer 14

… self-actualize

Question 15

what does humanistic tradition emphasis

Answer 15

the conscious awareness of needs and choice and personal responsibility

the process of positive growth towards a desired human potential

view much of motivation as being based in a need to grow, to become what one is meant to be
midlife crisis as symptom

Question 16

what was maslows contribution?

Answer 16

hierarchy of needs.
lower needs must be satisfied before we can proceed to higher needs

physiological
safety
belongingness
esteem
self-actualization (about 1%)

Question 17

what was roger’s contributions?

Answer 17

focused on ways to foster and attain self-actualization

fully functioning person: person who is on his or her war to self-actualization
enjoy novelty, diversity, centered in present
trust themselves, set their own obligations

key to development of unconditional positive self-regard and moving towards self-actualization is the receipt of unconditional positive regard from parents and significant others.

rogers’ approach to therapy (client-centered therapy) is designed to get a person back on path towards self-actualization

must be an atmosphere of genuine acceptance of the client by the therapist
therapist must express unconditional positive regard for the client
empathic understanding- client must feel that the therapist understand him or her

Question 18

summary

Answer 18

motives can be used to explain why people do what they do
motive explanations imply a goal that pulls people to think, act and feel in certain ways
the need to self-actualize is a distinct tradition in the psychology of motivation, different from the tradition that emphasizes deficit motivation