Humanism-History Flashcards
When the authors wrote that there is now a time to stop “mere revision of traditional attitudes” due to cultural advancements, they were referring to culture clashes that started with which two historical individuals vs. the Catholic Church?
Galileo Galilei and Martin Luther
In which era were the above mentioned (historical figures) clashing with the Catholic Church?
1500’s
Where did the Declaration of Independence state that the rights of humans come from?
God and His natural law
On whose writings were these ideas (D.o.I) based upon?
John Locke
What was the name of the book that contained these writings?
Two Treatises of Government
How did the writers of the U.S. Constitution include an understanding of Christianity into the structure of the document?
(?) Understanding original sin, that humans are sinful-checks and balances, separation of powers (balance of powers). Important because if any one was more powerful than the other, dictatorship. Humans will follow who they think is good (ESSAY)
What influential text was published in 1859?
Darwin’s “Origin of Species”
What Manifesto promoting the community of man and the elimination of religious influence was written by authors Marx and Engel in 1848?
Communist Manifesto
When visiting America after the French Revolution and prior to the U.S. Civil War, who was the person who wrote “Democracy in America” as a study of why the American Revolution produced a democratic government that worked?
Alexis de Toqueville
The person observed that in America there is “a connection between _________ and _________, whereas in France they are marching in opposite directions.
Spirit of freedom and spirit of religion
What is significant about the founding educational purpose of collegiate institutions such as Harvard, Yale, Princeton, etc. and the private boarding schools such as Groton?
They teach God’s truth
Law in America was originally taught as being based upon God’s ______ law.
Natural
This was considered ______ method.
Blackstone
In 1870 teaching law in America changed when _________ became president at _________.
Langdell; Harvard
The new method was based upon the ____________ method
Case study
What did this new method teach?
Concept of law over time
What is sociological jurisprudice?
The law of society will change as the culture of society changes (?)
Which U.S. Supreme Court justice supported this concept when ruling on cases?
Oliver Wendall Holmes Jr.
When was the original Humanist Manifesto are written?
1933
How many different versions of the Humanist Manifesto are there?
Three
He was one of the signers of the original Humanist Manifesto that was a philosopher and influenced government schooling in America?
John Dewey
What historical movement was this person a part of?
Progressive era
Who was the U.S. President during this era?
Woodrow Wilson
In what decade was the famous Scopes Trial?
1920’s (notes)
What was the name of the law that made it illegal to teach evolution in Tennessee schools?
Butler act
What organization sponsored a Tennessee high school teacher to break the law on purpose?
ACLU
What was the trial really about, causing so many members of the national and international media to attend?
Creation vs. Evolution (a show)
Know Inherit the Wind
Who was the famous liberal lawyer who argued the case for Scopes?
Clarence Darrow -was a humanist who purposely took the case to approve humanism. Purpose was to illuminate Christian law over government, education, etc. in the humanist manifesto.
What was the name of the famous lawyer and former presidential candidate who argued the case for the state of Tennessee?
William Jennings Bryan (funded by Baltimore Sun)
What were the two significant events that led to the writing of the second Humanist Manifesto?
Continual war around the 20th century and Rowe vs. wade
What term, describing humanism was dropped from the first to the second Humanist Manifesto?
Religion
What is the quote from the second Humanist Manifesto that illustrates their founding beliefs?
No deity will save us, we must save ourselves
According to Humanists, man is basically what?
Good
According to Humanists, relief from the personal and societal problems, AND the meaning of life comes from where?
Satisfying one’s desires
The individual who stated that the chains which keep humanity in bondage is organized religion.
Rousseau
