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Spa Therapy 2013 > Human Senses > Flashcards

Human Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What is olfactory fatigue

A

Temporary normal inability to distinguish a particular odor after a prolonged exposure to the airborne compound

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1
Q

How do we hear sounds?

A

The ear collects and processes sounds but it is the brain and the central nervous system that actually hear

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2
Q

What is the vestibular apparatus responsible for?

A

Balance

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3
Q

Who gave us the 5 haptic categories and when?

A

Heslin 1974

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4
Q

High noise levels during a single eight hour period can lead to what?

A

Vasoconstriction leading to a statistical rise in blood pressure and increased incidence of coronary artery disease

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4
Q

How do we use ultrasound to view babies?

A

Ultrasoundtravels through a medium and then bounces back a reflect image of what lies within the medium

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5
Q

What is amplitude?

A

Ampllitude is the change in atmospheric pressure during a single oscillation of sound wave

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6
Q

How is sound similar to touch?

A

They are both forms of mechanosensation meaning that they both respond to mechanical stimuli and then convert them into neuronal signals

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7
Q

Where is the primary neuron located

A

In the dorsal root ganglion of the spinal nerve

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7
Q

What are steriocillia?

A

Hair like structures on the hair cells in the cochlea. They create electrical signals from the mechanical energy produced by the movement of the fluid in the inner ear

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7
Q

What is the threshold of pain?

A

130dB

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8
Q

Sound is made of what?

A

waves of pressure

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9
Q

Nociceptors have two different types of Axons, what are they and what signal do they transmit?

A

AΩ Fast pain, C fiber axons Slow pain.

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10
Q

What is the pathway responsible for transmitting fine touch, vibration and conscious proprioceptive information?

A

Dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway

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11
Q

What is the pathway responsible for transmitting information about pain, temperature, itch and crude touch?

A

Ventral Spinothalmic pathway

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12
Q

What causes neuropathic pain?

A

damage or disease affecting any part of the nervous system.

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13
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

Any sound with a frequency greater than 20,000Hz

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14
Q

What are the six types of pain?

A

Acute pain, Chronic pain, Phantom pain, Cutaneous pain, Somatic pain, Visceral pain

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15
Q

When do women have the strongest sense of olfaction

A

Ovulation

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16
Q

What does loudness have to do with?

A

Loudness has to do with amplitude – the change in atmospheric pressure created by sound waves

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17
Q

What causes nociceptive pain?

A

Stimulation of the peripheral nerve fibers that respond only to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity

17
Q

There are 3 different types of nociceptors what are they?

A

Mechanical, Chemical, Thermal.

17
Q

What are some common sources of noise pollution?

A

• Traffic • Loud music • Machinery • Office equipment • Factories • Other forms of transport • Appliances • Lighting hum • Power tools • Construction equipment

18
Q

What are ossicles?

A

The bones of the middle ear

18
Q

What is the exchange rate of 3dB to do with?

A

Long term exposure to environmental noise. The length of a safe duration decreases by half when the amplitude increases by 3

20
Q

What is infrasound?

A

Any sound with a frequency less than 20Hz

21
Q

Which cranial nerve may result in hearing loss if there is abnormalities?

A

The eighth cranial nerve

22
Q

What pain does the paleospinothalamic tract transmit?

A

Slow pain

23
Q

What is EPS?

A

Echo positioning system is how we localise sounds by comparing differing loudness and arrival times of sounds in each ear. This is processed in the central nervous system.

24
Q

What is odour

A

Chemicals dissolved in the air that activate the olfactory system

25
Q

Why are women more sensitive to higher frequencies?

A

To hear crying babies

26
Q

What are the two ways sound proofing affects sound?

A

noise reduction and noise absorption

27
Q

What is Audition?

A

Audition is the scientific name for the sense of sound

29
Q

What is anosmia

A

Inability to perceive odors

30
Q

Name the 3 bones of the middle ear

A

Incus, Maleus and Stapes

32
Q

What does the Eustachean tube do?

A

Equalises pressure between the nose and the throat

34
Q

What is the speed of sound in dry air at 20 degrees C?

A

330 m/s

35
Q

What is the tympanic membrane made of?

A

A single piece of yellow fibro cartilage

37
Q

What affects pitch?

A

Frequency

38
Q

Humans have approximately how many functional odor genes

A

347

39
Q

Compliance, Attention getting and Announcing a response are all forms of what sort of touch?

A

Control touches

41
Q

What are the 5 layers of the olfactory bulb

A

Glomerular, external plexiform, mitral cell, internal plexiform, granule cell

42
Q

What is the range of human hearing?

A

20Hz to 20,000Hz

43
Q

What is noise pollution?

A

Unpleasant and disruptive machine or human created sound

45
Q

What is olfaction

A

Sense of smell

46
Q

What are the two theories of olfaction

A

Shape theory and vibration theory

47
Q

Where do sound signals travel after the thalamus?

A

After the thalamus signal travel to the primary auditory cortex of the temporal lobe

48
Q

How do noise cancellation generators work?

A

Microphone picks up sound and then a computer analyses it and emits sound waves with reverse polarity

49
Q

Why is relaxing music important in the spa?

A

Relaxes the client Part of the wider spa experience and ambience Helps to mask external noise

50
Q

What are the main medications that cause hearing damage?

A

Aminoglycosides (antibiotics)

Spa Therapy 2013 (7 decks)

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