Human rights (chp 14)

Question 1

what is the standard of health?

Answer 1

refers to targets that government set for improving the health of their populations

Question 2

what did the UN commissioner for human rights clearly what the “highest attainable standard of health” is?

Answer 2

the right to health does not mean the right to be healthy, nor does it meant hat poor governments must put in place expensive services which they have no resources but means govt should put policies in place that make health care accessible in shortest possible time

Question 3

what are the goals of human rights and field of health?

Answer 3

to expose human rights violations, increasing accountability for govt and other organizations involved inn health and human rights and provide education about rights and improve health services

Question 4

T or F a human right is universal and irrevocable

Answer 4

T

Question 5

does right to health mean everyone has access to health resourcse?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

what does the right to health include?

Answer 6

includes right to access at least basic healthcare services, essential medications and health technologies, and water and other foundational resources for health

Question 7

what is the critera used to evaluate health care (access to health care)

Answer 7

o Availablility, accessibility, affordability, acceptability (healthcare should be respectful of all patients), quality (well maintained, stocked with supplies, skilled workers)

Question 8

what is brain drain?

Answer 8

the migration of healthcare professionals trained in low-income countries to higher paying jobs in high income countries

Question 9

how much does creating and testing new medications cost?

Answer 9

about 1 billion dollars for each product

Question 10

• Pharmaceuticals that are safe and effective are granted a patent for the drug and given exclusive rights to sell that drug for at least ____

Answer 10

5 years

Question 11

when can generic versions of medications be sold?

Answer 11

can’t be sold until expiration of exclusivity period

Question 12

who enforces the patents for medications?

Answer 12

international trade agreements from the world trade organization, a UN agency

Question 13

what are some examples of organizations that protect patents and copyrights, etc. ?

Answer 13

TRIPS, World intellectual property organization,

Question 14

what are the health aspects of the general agreement on trade in services?

Answer 14

treatsuman services such s health care, water, sanitation, and education as commodities subject to trade rules. also addresses some safety regulations, handling of hazardous materials, licensing of medical practitioners, and other aspects of health

Question 15

what are the health aspects of the general agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT)

Answer 15

allows for countries to ban certain products to protect public health but directs more attention to protecting intellectual property rights like drug patents

Question 16

what are the health aspects of trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights?

Answer 16

protects patents, copyrights, trademarks and industrial design across national boundaries and therefore limits the production of certain protected medications. contains safeguards that are supposed to ensure access to essential medications

Question 17

• Bill and Melinda gates foundation make donations to create new technologies for health and recognize that it’s a 4 step process- what is this process?

Answer 17

discovery, development, delivery and advocacy

Question 18

T or F access to water is a human right.

Answer 18

T

Question 19

what are the critical needs immediately after any humanitarian incident?

Answer 19

1) water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), food secuirt and nutrition; shelter and essential food items such as personal care items, clothing, bedding, cooking, eating utensils, food and lighting; essential health services- communicable dx, sex and reprod health, mental health and NCD

Question 20

what is a crisis?

Answer 20

small scale event that can be addressed locally i.e.. tornado

Question 21

what is an emergency?

Answer 21

larger event that stresses local resources but can still be managed locally

Question 22

what is a disaster?

Answer 22

occurs when the assistance exceeds local capacity

Question 23

what is a catastrophe?

Answer 23

overwhelms the local response network and requires extensive outside assistance (earthquake in haiti)

Question 24

what is a nondereogable right?

Answer 24

is a human right that is irrevocable, such as the rights to freedom from slavery and freedom from torture

Question 25

can rights be temporarily suspended?

Answer 25

yes under special circumstances when restrictions on some individual rights protect the community as a whole. Ie) freedom of movement for ppl may be suspended during an epidemic
Civil Conflict and War

Question 26

what is a complex humanitarian emergency?

Answer 26

occurs when ciil conflict or war cause mass migration of civilian populations, food insecurity, and long term public health concerns

Question 27

why/how is malnutrition a concern during conflicts?

Answer 27

• Malnutrition is a primary concern during conflicts (food prod dec and farms abandoned)
• Food supply chains are interrupted by conflict (processing, transporting, storage, sales)

Question 28

why do outbreaks of communicable diseases occur during emergencies?

Answer 28

due to lack of social services, including water and sanitation and public health services

Question 29

what specific health services is inadequate during conflicts?

Answer 29

reproductive health services

Question 30

what is a refugee?

Answer 30

is a person wh has been forced to involuntarily move bc of security cocerns like war, civil conflict, political strife, or persection based o race, trbe, religion, political affiliation or membership in some other group

Question 31

how many refugees were there worldwide at the end of 2011?

Answer 31

10 mill

Question 32

what is an internally displaced person?

Answer 32

someone who fled his or her home community bc of civil war, famine, natural disaster or another crisis but did not cross into another country and is not afforded the same protection and assistance

Question 33

what is cycle of displacement?

Answer 33

which begins at the onset of migration and continues until long lasting solution is implemented

Question 34

what are emergency interventions? for refugees and IDP

Answer 34

water, food, sanitation, shelter, fuel, health care for sick and pregnancy, and vulnerable

Question 35

what are long term interventions? for refugees and IDP

Answer 35

treatment of malnutrition, addressing violence and security issues, and providing therapy for mental health problems such as PTSD

Question 36

what are the communities that host new IDP or refugees at risk for?

Answer 36

infectious disease outbreaks and economic issues- might overwhelm social services and strain the resources

Question 37

what is acculturation?

Answer 37

learning new cultural practices

Question 38

what are the 4 R’s for emergency preparedness and response?

Answer 38

reduction, readiness, response, and recovery

Question 39

what is reduction?

Answer 39

(mitigation) of risks: preemptive measures should be implemented to protect people and property from hazards

Question 40

what is readiness?

Answer 40

(preparedness): preparation for responding to an emergency should include the creation and refinement of emergency operation plans, the establishment of emergency communications infrastructure and the training of public employees and emergency response volunteers

Question 41

what is response?

Answer 41

the response to an imminent, ongoing or immediately past threat should include provision of emergency medical assistance, shelter and critical services

Question 42

what is recovery

Answer 42

rebuilding communities