Chapter 1 Flashcards
what is global health?
transnational health, health concerns that cross national borders. (obv)
what is demographic transition?
describes a shift toward lower birth and death rates that often occurs as populations move from being low-income economies (developing countries) to high income.
do pre-transition populations (demographic transition) start with high or low birth and death rates?
starts with high birth and death rates
what is the effect of the birth and death rate in the early stages of demographic transition?
reduced death rate from inc food security but birth rate stays high so pop increases
what dec birth rate? (in demographic transition)
what is this called? what happens to the population?
education, technology, economic growth
fertility transition
pop begins to stabilize
what is epidemiological transitions?
• A shift from infectious diseases to chronic, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) being the primary problem in a population, often follows the demographic transition as the economic status of a population improves
where do epidemiological transitions occur?
high or middle income countries
middle-income countries epidemiologic profile highlights 2 points:
1) Socioeconomic conditions have a huge influence on the diseases experienced by individuals and populations.
2) Every population at every income level has health concerns
what is the goal of public health?
prevent premature death and promote long and healthy lives
burden of disease in pre-transition populations fall heavily on which pop?
elderly
what is epidemiological transition helpful with?
understanding the differences in health status between high and low incomes
what is nutrition transitions?
describes a population shift from a stage in which under nutrition and nutrient deficiencies are prevalent to an intermediate stage in which undernutrition and obesity both have problems in the population to a stage in which overweight and obesity are domination nutritional disorders
what is going on in the pre-transition (nutritional transitions)
worried about too little food and consume energy dense foods with alot of calories and no nutrition
what is going on in the post-transition (nutrition transitions)
consume more nutritious foods but ear more refined foods
what is a causal factor?
it is an exposure that has been tested and shown to occur before the disease outcome and to contribute directly to its occurrence
