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geography > Human Rights > Flashcards

Human Rights Flashcards

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1
Q

Human rights definition

A

Rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity,language, religion and any other status

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2
Q

what is the united nations

A

intergovernmental organisation whos purpose id to maintain peace amongst nations

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3
Q

what is the international humans rights law

A

lays down the obligations of governments to act in certain ways and refrain from certain acts

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4
Q

what is the universal declaration of human rights

A

a milestone document in the history of human rights which has contributions from multiple cultural backgrounds it is a common standard for all people and regions

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5
Q

what are human rights norms

A

represent ways of living that have been inculcated into the culture of a country or area over long periods of time

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6
Q

what can human rights norms be described as

A

the foundation of human rights

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7
Q

what are human rights norms based on

A

moral principles that are universally accepted standards of human behaviour

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8
Q

what is civil society

A

able to operate freely, knowledgeable and skilled with regard to human rights

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9
Q

what is a civil society organisation

A

any non-profit, voluntary citizens’ group which is organized on a local, national …

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10
Q

what is intervention

A

the use of military force by a state or group of states in foreign territory in order to end gross violation of human rights of its citizens

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11
Q

who can only permit intervention

A

the UN security council

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12
Q

how does the military presence usually help

A

uses no force apart from self defence

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13
Q

name 2 reasons why military intervention may be controversial

A
  • injuries and deaths of civilians
  • homes and population displacement
  • an increase in human rights abuses
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14
Q

name an example of a non military intervention

A

economic sanctions
international criminal prosecution for those abusing human rights

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15
Q

what does an economic sanction do

A

prohibits trade of particular sectors of the economy in the specified country

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16
Q

as of 2022 how many countries had economic sanctions

A

11 including DRC

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17
Q

what does the international criminal prosecution do

A

prosecutes those accused of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide.

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18
Q

what does geopolitics mean

A

the global balance of political power and international relations

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19
Q

what does globalisation mean

A

the increasing connectedness and interdependence of world cultures and economies

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20
Q

who was ken saro-wiwa

A

he formed the movement for the survival of the ogoni people

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21
Q

why did shell have a problem with ken

A

he no longer wanted them to operate on land belonging to the ogoni ppl

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22
Q

what happened to ken and when

A

in 1994 four ogoni cheifs were brutally murdered and then was put in prison where he was tortured and denied access to visitors including lawyers

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23
Q

name examples of positive effects of globalisation on human rights

A

create fair trade, to reduce child labour and to promote a culture of universal human rights.

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24
Q

name examples of negative effects of globalisation on human rights

A

forced evictions, inadequate access to education and basic health treatment and appalling working conditions.

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25
Q

forced labour is a major element of what

A

modern slavery

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26
Q

what is forced labour

A

situations in which a person is coerced to work through the use of violence and intimidation

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27
Q

name 2 examples of a economic, social and political factor that influences forced labour

A

econ- poverty and lack of economic opportunity, low wages
social- age and sexual trafficking
political- political instability, conflict

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28
Q

when was slavery abolished in Mauritania

what does the government say about slavery

who are usually slaves

what reinforces slavery here

A

1981 and it was not criminalised until 2007

they deny its existence

dark skinned people serving light skin arabs

the caste system

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29
Q

define maternal mortality rate

A

the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy for any cause related to the pregnancy or its management

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30
Q

most maternal mortality deaths are….

A

preventable

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31
Q

in 2013 how many woman died due to pregnancy etc

A

289,000

32
Q

where are some of the worst rates of maternal mortality

A

sub Saharan Africa

33
Q

name 3 examples of why there are high rates of maternal mortality

A

early forced marriage and young pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, sexual violence, gender bias- woman’s problems are excused

34
Q

where are the lowest maternal mortality rates found

A

Europe

35
Q

how many executions did Iran carry out in 2015

A

Iran carried out at least 977 executions in 2015

36
Q

what times of crime does iran give the death penalty for

A

murder and rape

37
Q

why is the death penalty slowly being abolished

A

The UN has recognised it as the denial of the most basic human rights

38
Q

how many states is capital punishment still legal in the US

A

27

39
Q

what kind of thing can the death penalty be given for in the US

A

murder, treason, genocide, or the killing or kidnapping of a Congressman, the President, or a Supreme Court justice.

40
Q

when was the death penalty suspended in the UK

A

In 1965, the death penalty for murder in Britain was suspended for five years and in 1969 this was made permanent.

41
Q

name 3 social factors affecting gender inequality

A

lack of access to education
forced marriage
patriarchal society
discrimination in healthcare

42
Q

name 3 economic factors affecting gender inequality

A

property rates
discrimination in labour participation
dowry
wage gap

43
Q

what are womans rights

A

Women’s rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide

44
Q

what is gender inequality

A

Gender inequality is the social phenomenon in which men and women are not treated equally

45
Q

name 2 political factors contributing to gender inequality

A

limited empowerment through lack of participation

womans lack of awareness of their rights

46
Q

what is the global gender gap index

A

it measures gender inequality

47
Q

in Afghanistan how is gender in the workforce represented

A

woman are overrepresented in agriculture and underrepresented in developing secondary and tertiary industries

48
Q

what are some of the major healthcare issues for woman in sub Saharan africa

A

early forced marriage, STIs and lack of empowerment in family size and spacing of pregnancy’s

49
Q

name 2 reasons why there is low numbers of girls in school in sub Saharan africa

A

son preference, negative environments towards girls in the classroom, inadequate sanitation

50
Q

name 3 causes of gender inequality in India

A

cultural beliefs
literacy rates
child marriage
woman’s lack of awareness

51
Q

how has gender inequality affected violence against woman

how many dowry deaths were there in India in 2012

A

woman are subjected to murder and disfigurement especially when family cannot pay the dowry

over 8000

52
Q

how has gender inequality affected womans health

A

woman have sex selective abortions

limited education means bad maternal and child nutrition

53
Q

what has indias low sex ratio been described as

A

a country of missing woman

54
Q

what did the 1961 dowry prohibition act mean

A

Any agreement for the giving or taking of dowry shall be void

55
Q

what did the child marriage act mean

A

girls cant marry under 18

56
Q

name 3 examples of human rights violations leading to violence and explain why

A

1- denial of needs such as food and water - people will rebel
2- discrimination and denial of freedom
3-oppresive governments and genocide and murder

57
Q

name 3 ways conflict might impact human rights

A

damage to home and property
impact on wood and water supply
high mortality rates due to military fighting

58
Q

name the 4 examples of geopolitical intervention

A

development AID
military aid- money from another state to buy military equipment
trade embargos
indirect military action - military equipment etc

59
Q

what is aid

A

aid is assistance given from one country to another

60
Q

what are economic sanctions

A

Economic sanctions are commercial and financial penalties applied by one or more countries against a targeted self-governing state

61
Q

what is an NGO

A

a non government organisation

62
Q

what does global governance of human rights do

A

involves helping cooperation, resolving disputes and alleviating problems of a global issue that transcends boundaries within a political space

63
Q

what is a short term intervention

A

protects human rights and provides humanitarian aid

64
Q

what is a long term intervention

A

achieves sustainable development to improve stability and reduce socio economic inequalities

65
Q

give 3 examples of long term interventions

A

attempts to change and modernise norms

the work of NGOs, private organisations and human rights activists

creation and application of international laws

66
Q

give an example of the work of NGos for long term intervention

A

amnesty international attempt to end capital punishment

67
Q

give an example of international law for long term intervention

A

elimination of all forms of discrimination against woman

68
Q

name 3 examples of what humans rights violations the taliban have done

A

domestic violence towards woman

inequality in access to employment

extra judicial executions- not legally sanctioned

69
Q

name 3 of the UN aims in Afghanistan

A

promote respect for humanitarian and human rights laws

promote accountability

implement freedoms of human rights provisions

70
Q

name an example of an NGO in Afghanistan and their aims

A

afghan aid

builds basic services and infrastructure and strengthens rights

71
Q

what was wrong with Ghor

how did Afghan aid help Ghor

A

was one of the most geographically inhospitable regions - basic human rights were neglected such as gender inequality and the selling of children

transformed the community, economic, social and political rights were being promoted local people now have more freedom

72
Q

who is the UN habitat working with

why is Kabul so deprived of services

A

the afghan government in Kabul

denial of human rights and rapid urban growth

73
Q

give an example of how UN habitat is helping in Kabul

A

upgrading of housing, infrastructure, electricity etc

74
Q

the afghan government being supported by international organisations meant what for children attending school

A

nearly 6 million were in 2014

75
Q

what can civil society do

give an example

A

influence the actions of elected policy makers and businesses

amnesty international

WWF

geography (9 decks)

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