disease dilemmas

Question 1

show many deaths were from cancer in the uk between 2016-2018

Answer 1

166,533

Question 2

whats an endemic disease

Answer 2

they exist permanently in a geographical area or population group

Question 3

name 2 factors influencing risk of infection between countries

Answer 3

attitude and access to barrier contraception

infected blood transfusions in LIDCs

sharing needles and injecting materials

Question 4

name 2 human factors affecting spread of communicable disease

Answer 4

crowded living and working conditions
inadequate sanitation

Question 5

name 3 examples to lifestyle causes of cancer

Answer 5

obesity

poor diet

smoking and alcohol

sedentary lifestyle- laziness

Question 6

what 2 impacts has a rise in disposable income had on cancer

Answer 6

more meat and dairy ready meals
= increased bowel cancer and obesity

more alcohol and smoking
= increase in lung and liver cancer

Question 7

name an example of a cultural cause of cancer

Answer 7

use of sunbeds and going on holiday increases chances of skin cancer

Question 8

how much does increase in cancers cost the economy and why

Answer 8

15 billion a year

• patients aren’t at work
• treatment on NHS
  -early deaths

Question 9

name an example of why cancer has a personal economic effect

Answer 9

• cost of travel to appointments
• extra heating at home
• helping at home

Question 10

what kind of areas do we see higher cancer rates- how many more cases do we tend to see

Answer 10

• deprived areas

20,000 more cases

worse outcomes

Question 11

name a reason why a deprived area may have higher cancer cases

Answer 11

industrial area

smoking rates are higher

less likely to get screened earlier

Question 12

how many lives a year does the government plan to save

Answer 12

5000

Question 13

name an example of direct strategies by the government to manage cancer

Answer 13

advanced medical technology

radiotherapy

Question 14

name examples of indirect treatments by the government to manage cancer

Answer 14

education and health campaigns

spot symptoms of cancer campaigns

Question 15

why have indirect strategies been insignificant

Answer 15

obesity rates have gone up since

Question 16

how much does the number of skin cancer cases go up each year

Answer 16

3%

Question 17

name 2 examples of direct methods to tackle skin cancer

Answer 17

surgery

chemotherapy

Question 18

name 2 examples of indirect methods to tackle skin cancer

Answer 18

laws surrounding sunbeds

government issued subbed use

Question 19

malaria background

Answer 19

vector Bourne disease caused by mosquitoes

Question 20

how many deaths were caused by malaria in 2020

Answer 20

627,000

Question 21

how many deaths are caused by malaria in Ethiopia annually

Answer 21

70,000

Question 22

what areas are malaria free in Ethiopia

Answer 22

central highlands

Question 23

name examples of the highest risk areas of malaria in Ethiopia

Answer 23

gambela
Tigray

Question 24

what season do malaria rates peak

Answer 24

rainy season

Question 25

what areas do mosquitoes like to breed in

Answer 25

warm, tropical conditions

Question 26

why are there lower malaria rates in central highlands

Answer 26

lower temps

Question 27

name 2 examples of human causes of malaria

Answer 27

increase in rice cultivation schemes- leads to more surface water so more breeding sites of mosquitoes building of large water damn in west Ethiopia - creates a large reservoir for breeding

Question 28

what impact does urbanisation have on malaria rates

Answer 28

Ethiopia urbanising has lead to new breeding sites for mosquitoes especially garbage dumps and discarded containers

Question 29

name 2 examples of socio economical impacts of malaria

Answer 29

many working age people become sick and absent from work leading to financial losses - on national scale impacts economy of developing countries like Ethiopia

Question 30

how much is lost annually in production in sub saharan Africa due to malaria

Answer 30

12 billion

Question 31

what is the national health spending on malaria in Ethiopia-as a percentage

Answer 31

40%

Question 32

what effect does malaria have on tourism

Answer 32

malaria epidemic dissuades tourists leading to economic losses

Question 33

what impact does malaria have on food security

Answer 33

farmers get sick and can't produce enough food reducing productivity in agriculture

Question 34

what is the presidents malaria initiative

Answer 34

an initiative to eliminate malaria worldwide set up by US

Question 35

what plan has the Ethiopian president implemented against malaria

Answer 35

national malaria strategic plan to eliminate it by 2030

Question 36

name 2 examples of strategies implemented by the presidents malaria initiative

Answer 36

mosquito nets given out rapid diagnostic tests

Question 37

name 2 examples of limitations of elimination strategies against malaria

Answer 37

homes need to be sprayed 3-6 months to remain protected nets only protect people at night

Question 38

what success has the elimination against malaria shown

Answer 38

no malaria epidemics since 2003 number of deaths due to malaria reduced by 54%

Question 39

describe how increasing mobility can increase the diffusion of disease

Answer 39

greater human mobility driven by air travel air travel can carry diseases easily from two diff countries human mobility has increased in high income countries

Question 41

when did the earthquake occur in Haiti what magnitude was it

Answer 41

jan 2010 magnitude 7

Question 42

how many people were killed due to the Haiti earthquake

Answer 42

220,000

Question 43

name 2 examples of the main factors leading to the cholera outbreak in Haiti

Answer 43

poverty many made homeless due to makeshift camps

Question 44

when was the cholera outbreak confirmed in Haiti

Answer 44

October 2010

Question 45

how many deaths were due to cholera in Haiti by 2014

Answer 45

720,000

Question 46

what did the British Red Cross do to mitigate the cholera outbreak

Answer 46

clean water and sanitation given hygiene programme implemented

Question 47

what did NGOs do for the cholera outbreak in Haiti

Answer 47

NGO volunteers went door to door giving advice on how to spot symptoms

Question 48

what were cases reduced by due to NGOs

Answer 48

went from 35,000 cases a month to 2,200

Question 49

what speculation has been given to NGOs

Answer 49

money has gone missing making people not trust them UN admitted they transported cholera to the country

Question 50

what are the key roles of the world health organisation

Answer 50

provides leadership on key health areas collect health data from 194 members monitors health situations eg covid 19 provide technical support during health crises researching health issues

Question 51

who did the WHO team up with to help fight malaria positive impacts

Answer 51

WHO with GSK over 1 million children have been protected first by malaria vaccine

Question 52

what is an example of a criticism of the who

Answer 52

its work if largely funded by voluntary contributions from member states so if countries fund less than less work can be done