Human Resource Management Flashcards
organisational chart
diagram that shows hierarchy in a business
what 3 things does an organisation chart show
responsibility
line managers
progression opportunities
span of control
no. of subordinates a manager is responsible for
advantages of narrow span of control
manager spend more time giving specific and direct instructions
disadvantages of narrow span of control
staff feel ‘watched’
advantages of wide span of control
independence
disadvantages of wide span of control
manager lose control
what does the effectiveness of the span of control depend on
skills of subordinates
size of business
manager
chain of command
way in which responsibility is organised
line relationships
vertical
staff relationships
horizontal between manager and other organisational member
de-layering
reducing no. of levels
advantages of de-layering
reduce cost
employees more responsibility
faster communication
disadvantages of de-layering
employees not as good independently
redundancy payment
morale
delegation
responsibility for a task is passed to someone else
empowerment
given power to job e.g authority to make decisions
centralised structure
authority+decision making firmly at top of hierarchy
senior managers
decentralised structure
decision making spread out
junior managers, individual business units
benefits of centralisation
quicker decisions
easier to co-ordinate +control
drawbacks of centralisation
local/junior managers closer to customers
lack of flexibility;customer service
benefits of decentralisation
decisions made closer to customer
facilitates empowerment
drawbacks of decentralisation
harder to ensure consistent practices
diseconomies of scale-duplication of roles
characteristics of a flat structure
wide span control
delegation
responsibilty
characteristics of tall structures
narrow span of control
direct control
reasons for a tall structure
clear line communication
shows strong leadership
reasons for a flat structure
teamwork
better communication
leaner/lower costs
organisation by product
each product ‘mini company’ own departments e.g finance+HR
organisation by function
arranged into specialist areas e.g finance
each department has input into the business output
advantages of organisation by product
easy to see which products are performing
autonomy=motivating
teams see direct results
disadvantages of organisation by product
different products compete for resources
duplication of departments
advantages of organisation by functiontion
specialists can share ideas with eachother
less duplication
disadvantages of organisation by function
conflict over budgets
communication between departments over same product sowed down
organised by division
geographically organised
matrix structure
work across teams+ products aswell in their own department
have multiple managers
advantages of matrix structure
maximum use of resources
develop teamwork
disadvantages of matrix structure
confusion if given different instructions
difficult to maintain balance
aims
long term overall
objectives
short term measurable
HR objectives
how workforce can help to achieve objectives and consequently the aim
why are human resource management objectives important to the future success of the business
people affect every aspect of organisation
people most valuable asset
without management of people business would be hindered
why does a business need clear HR objectives
employee know action need to take
focused+no confusion
motivation
compare progress
organisational culture
collection of values+behaviour which unique to environment of the organisation
how can organisational culture be seen
dress code, office layout, technology
non tangible aspects of organisational culture
vision and values
factors affecting organisational culture
values
vision
behaviour of managers+employees
physical indicators
impacts of poor culture
uncomfortable customers dont feel safe labour turnover can't fill vacancies legal issues
why is effective communication important
less mistakes
quick decision
motivated staff
verbal communication
use of auditory language e.g speaking (includes writing)
non verbal communication
through non verbal of physical cue e.g facial expression
communication media
how message is imparted to receiver
give examples of communication media
tv
text message
email
notice board
advantages of written communication
record
re-read
tech=quick
disadvantages of written communication
can’t check for received immediately
virus in tech
might go into spam
advantages of face to face communication
check understood
emphasise importance tone of voice
disadvantages of face to face communication
lots of listeners- can’t hear
no record
formal communication
take place using agreed rules and procedures e.g board meeting
informal communication
those that aren’t based on any set measures e.g conversations in staff rooms
methods of communication
verbal, non verbal, informal, formal
three barriers to communication
technical
semantic
effectiveness
technical barrier to communication
ability of receiver/ sender to receive/send info
semantic barrier to communication
reciever’s ability to understand what is being sent
effectiveness barrier to communication
whether info sent has been acted upon or not
group norms
rules or guidelines reflect expectations of how group members should act+interact
implicit norms
consistent behaviour
isn’t always expressed/discussed
explicit norms
stated outright
orally/writing
individual objective
for single employee
group objectives
set for team
group communication
several senders/receivers
forma/informal groups (social/department)
impact of groups on communication
dominant employees take over
source is ‘hijacked’ +misrepresented
communication diagram
3 boxes=source,media,reciever
arrows between=message
arrows above=barrier
big arrow=feedback
how can the source cause ineffective communication
poor vocab skills when explaining
how can the message cause ineffective communication
incomplete
how can the media cause ineffective communication
inappropriate medium
how can the reciever cause ineffective communication
not paying attention
how can the barrier cause ineffective communication
computer crash
how can feedback cause ineffective communication
isn’t enough time, rushed feedback
usefulness of the communication model
easy to understand
limitations of the communication model
only works if accurate
doesn’t provide solutions
only work if given enough time
