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biology > Human Reproduction And Genetics > Flashcards

Human Reproduction And Genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
0
Q

The Fallopian

A

A tube that carries the egg to the uterus, fertilisation occurs here

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1
Q

Ovaries

A

Store and release eggs

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2
Q

The uterus (womb)

A

Is where the fertilised egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment

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3
Q

The cervix

A

This leads from the vagina to the uterus

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4
Q

The vagina

A

Holds the male penis durning sexual intercourse, forms the birth canal durning childbirth

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5
Q

Gamete

A

Is a Sex cell

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6
Q

Male gamete

A

Is sperm

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7
Q

Female gamete

A

Is the egg

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8
Q

Ovulation

A

An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28 days

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9
Q

The fertile period

A

These are days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant (supreme can live in the female)

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10
Q

Testes

A

Produce sperm

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11
Q

Sperm duct

A

Brings the sperm from the testes to the penis

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12
Q

Glands and vesicles

A

Produces seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen (allows sperm to swim)

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13
Q

Penis

A

Enters the female and ejaculates semen

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14
Q

Puberty

A

Describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (normally happens between the ages of 10 and 15)

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15
Q

Puberty in males

A

Sex hormones (testosterone) are released causing the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face, chest and underarms, the testes and penis grows bigger and start to produce sperm.

16
Q

Puberty in females

A

Sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) are released the breasts develop, hips widen, and hair begins to grow on the body

17
Q

Copulation

A

Is another name for sexual intercourse

18
Q

Implantation

A

Occurs when the fertilised egg lodges itself on the lining of the uterus

19
Q

Zygote

A

Egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell

20
Q

Embryo

A

Division of the zygote occurs and it grows. Attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation)

21
Q

Foetus

A

After 8 weeks looks like a human

22
Q

Pregnancy

A

The average length of human pregnancy is 40 weeks

23
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

This fluid provides a cushion for the embryo

This bursts during delivery of the baby “waters breaking”

24
Q

Umbilical cord

A

This tube joins the embryo to the placenta

25
Q

The placenta

A

Is rich in blood vessels, it is here that food and oxygen from the mothers blood pass into the baby’s blood,
Also wastes such as carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mothers

26
Q

Birth

A

Begins when the uterus muscles start to contract. The bag of amniotic fluid bursts “waters bursting” and further contractions push the baby out usually head first. The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta (afterbirth) comes out after

27
Q

Labour

A

The muscles of the uterus contract

28
Q

Family planning

A

To control the number of children you have, you need to control the number of times fertilisation takes place

29
Q

Natural methods of contraception

A

Aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period

30
Q

Artificial method of contraception

A

Prevent the sperm and egg meeting
E.g condom which prevents sperm entering the vagina
E.g contraceptive pill which prevents ovulation

31
Q

Abstain

A

No method is 100% to abstain from sex (to not have a sexual intercourse) is the only way to avoid pregnancy

32
Q

Condoms

A

Prevent pregnancy and prevent the spread of diseases (STD’s) or sexually transmitted infections (STI’s)

33
Q

Genetics

A

The study of the inheritance of characteristics

34
Q

Chromosome

A

The nucleus of each sex cell (gamete) contains 23 thread like structures called chromosomes

35
Q

Genes

A

Are chemicals found on chromosomes that’s pass on information from parents to children

36
Q

Chromosomes are made of

A

Protein and DNA (carry genes)

37
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

38
Q

Human body cells

A

Have 23 pairs of chromosomes

biology (12 decks)

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