Human Reproduction

Question 1

Perimeter IgM

Answer 1

Thein exxternal peritoneal layer

Question 2

Myometrium

Answer 2

Thigh smooth msucle layer

Question 3

Endometrium

Answer 3

Thin internal layer

Question 4

Mittelschmerz

Answer 4

Abdominal pain accompanying ovulation
It is a secondary sign of ovulation however there are better primary indicators such as body temp, fertile cervical mucus, and change int he cervical position

Question 5

Some women do not ovulate (anovulation) bc of an inadequate release of ___

Answer 5

Gonadotropins

Question 6

In some women ovulation can be induced by administration of ____ or an ovulation agent, resulting in maturation of several ovarian follicles and multiple ovulation

Answer 6

Gonadotropins

Question 7

The incidence of what can increase when ovulation is induced

Answer 7

Multiple pregnancies

Question 8

In anovulatory cycles the proliferation of the endometrium develops as usual, but ___ does not occur and no __ __forms

Answer 8

Ovulation corpus luteum

Question 9

In anovulatory cycles, the endometrium does not progress to the ___ __. It remains in what phase until mensruation begins

Answer 9

Leutal

Proliferation

Question 10

Estrogen oral contraceptives with or without progesterone suppress ovulation how

Answer 10

Acting on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland inhibiting secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and lutenizing hormone

Question 11

Sperm accounts for what percent of the volume semen

Answer 11

Less than 5

Question 12

What is the remainder of ejaculate

Answer 12

60% secretions from the seminal glands
30% prostate
5% bulbourethral glands

Question 13

How many sperm is in ejaculate

Answer 13

100 million Spears per mililiter of semen

Question 14

What level of sperm is considered infertible

Answer 14

20-50 million

Question 15

What level of sperm is steril

Answer 15

10 million, esipcially when it contains immobile and abnormal sperm

Question 16

What may cause male infertility

Answer 16

Endocrine disorders, abnormal spermatogenesis, reduced levels of seminal plasma proteins, or obstruction of a genital duct

Question 17

Male infertility is found in what percent of involuntarily childless couples

Answer 17

30-50

Question 18

Vasectomy

Answer 18

Excision of a segment of the ductus deferens

Question 19

How long after vasectomy are there no sperm in the ejaculate. Has the volume changed?

Answer 19

2-3 weeks

No

Question 20

IVF

Answer 20

In vitro fertilization of oocytes and transfer of either the dividing zygotes or a blastocyst into the uterus

Question 21

The incidence of what is higher with IVF

Answer 21

Multiple pregnancies and spontaneous abortion

Question 22

How can we tell the sex of a baby very early

Answer 22

Bastomere taken from a six to eight cell zygote and analyze for amplification of Y chromosome

Question 23

Why determine the sex at 6 to eight cell zygote stage 1st week

Answer 23

In case of x linked disorder want female

Question 24

Can the polar body be tested for genetic disorders during 1st week

Answer 24

When mother is carrier

Question 25

Why may early implantation of blastocyst fail

Answer 25

Inadequate production of progesterone and estrogen by the corpus luteum

Question 26

How does patient present with Spontaneous abortion

Answer 26

Last menstrual period was delayed by several days whose last flow was profuse

Question 27

Overall early spontaneous abortion rate is _%

Answer 27

45

Question 28

Early spontaneous abortion is usually due to the presence of __ __

Answer 28

Chromosomal abnormalities

Question 29

Blastocysts sometimes Implant outside the uterus.

Answer 29

Ectopic pregnancy

Question 30

Where are most ectopic preg

Answer 30

Uterine tubes in the ampulla and isthmus

Question 31

Frequency of ectopic tubal pregnancy

Answer 31

1/200

Question 32

Symptoms of tubal pregnancy

Answer 32

Abdominal pain, abnormal bleeding, and irritation of the pelvic peritoneum

Question 33

Causes of ectopic pregnancy

Answer 33

Factors that delay or prevent transport of the cleaving zygote to the uterus

Question 34

Ectopic tubal pregnancies usually result in __ of the uterin tube and hemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity during the first 8 weeks followed by death of embryo

Answer 34

Rupture

Question 35

What is the morning after pill

Answer 35

Large dose of estrogen for several dats after unprotected sexual intercourse

Question 36

What does the morning after pill prevent

Answer 36

Usually doesn’t prevent fertilization, it prevents implantation of the blastocyst The endometrium progresses to the lateral phase of the menstrual cycle as the zygote forms, undergoes cleavage and enters the uterus. But a large amount of estrogen disturbs the normal balance between estrogen and progesterone that is necessary to prepar the endometrium for implantation

Question 37

IUD

Answer 37

Interferes with implantation by causing a local inflammatory reaction

Question 38

Som IUD contain slow release progesterone, which interferes with what

Answer 38

Development of the endometrium so that implantation does not usually occur

Question 39

Copper based IUD

Answer 39

Inhibit migration of sperm into the tube

Question 40

Levonnorgestrel based IUD

Answer 40

Alter the quality of the cervical mucus and endometrial development

Question 41

Sacrococcygeal teratomas

Answer 41

Remnants of the primitive streak may persist and give rise to a large tumor

Question 42

Why can a sacrococcygeal teratomas contain tissues derived from all three germ layers in incomplete stages of differentiation

Answer 42

Bc it is derived from pluripotent primitive streak cells

Question 43

What is the most common tumor in newborn infants

Answer 43

Sacrococcygeal teratomas | 1/27000

Question 44

Prognosis of sacrococcygeal teratomas

Answer 44

Good usually just removed

Question 45

Disturbance of neurulation may result in what

Answer 45

Severe abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord

Question 46

Meroencephaly(anencephaly)

Answer 46

Partial absence of the brain

Question 47

Wh get. NTD

Answer 47

Neuroectoderm | Failure of neural folds to fuse and form the neural tube

Question 48

Spina bidifa cystica

Answer 48

NT fails to fuse in lumbar region

Question 49

Hydatidiform moles

Answer 49

Sometimes the embryo dies and the chorionic villi do not complete their development ; they do not become vascularized to form tertiary villi

Question 50

Hydatidiform moles exhibit variable degrees of __ proliferation and produce excesssive amounts of hCG

Answer 50

Trophoblastic

Question 51

In _% of cases hydatidiform moles develop into malignant trophoblastic lesions called ______

Answer 51

3-5 | Choriocarcinomas

Question 52

Choriocarcinoma

Answer 52

Metasticise by blood to various sites such as lungs, vagina, liver, bone intestine, and brain