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Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Dichorionic/diamniotic

A

Fuse or incomplete division of morula (1-3 days)

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2
Q

Monochorionic/Diamniotic

A

Incomplete separation of fusion of blastocysts (4-8 days)

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3
Q

Monochorionic/monoamniotic

A

Incomplete division or fusion of implanted blastocyst(8-13 days)

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4
Q

Conjoined twins

A

Formed embryonic disc incomplete division of fusion

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5
Q

Twin twin transfusion syndrome

A

Monochorionic/diamniotic

Recepient-increases urine production/polyhydramnios-volume overload of uterus

Donor-produce less urine/oligohydramanios ..almost no bladder on US. “Stuck twin”

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6
Q

What causes monozygotic

A

Incomplete fusion or division of embryonic disc

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7
Q

Most common conjoined twin

A

Thoracopagus

Followed by omphalopagus

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8
Q

Minamata disease

A

Methylmercury poisoning

Severe neurological syndrome

Spasticity, seizures, mental defiency

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9
Q

Lead poisoning

A

Learning and behavioral disorders

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10
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Mental and growth retardation and morphogenetic disturbances

Intrauterine growth restriction, mental defiency, microcephalic, ocular anomalies, joint abnormalities, short palpebral fissures, cognitive and neurobehavioral disturbances

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11
Q

Cocain

A

Microencephaly, neurobehavioral disturbances.

Intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity, microcephalic, cerebral infarction, urogenital anomalies, neurobehavioral disturbances

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12
Q

Streptomycin

A

CNVIII nerve defects

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13
Q

Diethylstilbestrol

A

Synthetic non steroidal estrogen once used in pregnancyto prevent breast engorgement.

Risk of vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma and reproductive tract malformations

Abnormalities of uterus and vagina; cervical erosion and ridges

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14
Q

Lithium

A

Heart and great vessel abnormalities in utero

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15
Q

Nicotine

A

Premature delivery, conotruncal defects, urinary tract abnormalities

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16
Q

Androgens and high dose progestogens

A

Varying degree of masculinization of female fetuses; ambiguous external genitalia (labial fusion and clitoral hypertrophy)

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17
Q

Methotrexate

A

Intrauterine growth restriction, skeletal and renal defects

Multiple anomalies, skeletal, face, cranium, limbs and vertebral

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18
Q

Misoprostol

A

Abnormal development of the limbs, ocular defects, cranial nerve defects, and autism spectrum disorders

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19
Q

Phenytoin

A

Fetal hydantoin syndrome, IUGRI microcephalic, metal retardation, ridged metopic suture, inner epicanthic folds, eyelid ptosis, broad, depressed , nasal bridge, phalangeal hypoplasia

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20
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Stained teeth, hypoplasia of enamel

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21
Q

Thalidomide

A

Abnormal development of the limbs; meromelia , Amelia, facial anomalies, systemic

Meromelia-partial absence
Amelia-complete absence

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22
Q

Trimethadione

A

Abnormal development o the limb, v shaped eyebrows, low ears, cleft lip and or palate

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23
Q

Valproic acid

A

Craniofacial anomalies, neural tube defects , often hydrocephalus, heart and skeletal defects, poor postnatal cognitive development

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24
Q

Warfarin

A

Nasal hypoplasia, stipples epiphyses

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25
Polychlorinated biphenyls
IUUGRI, skin discoloration
26
TORCH viruses
Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes infections, are some of the most common infections associated with congenital anomalies
27
Toxoplasma gondii
Microcephalic, mental defiency, microphthalmia, hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, cerebral calcifications, hearing loss, neurologic disturbances Jaundice
28
Treponema palladium
Hydrocephalus, congenital deafness, mental defiency, abnormal teeth and bones,
29
Varicella
Cutaneous scares, neurologic anomalies, cataracts, microphthalmia, horner syndrome, optic atrophy, nystagmus, chorioretinits, microcephalic, mental defiency, skeletal anomalies
30
Ionizing radiation
Microcephalic, mental defiency, skeletal anomalies, growth retardation, cataracts
31
CMV
Microcephalic, chorioretinits, sensorineural loss, delayed psychomotor, and mental development, hepatosplenomegaly, hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, brain, calcification
32
Herpes
Skin vesicles and scarring, chorioretinitis, hepatomegaly, thrombocytopenia petechiae, hemolytic anemia, hydranencephaly
33
Human parvovirus b19
Fetal anemia, nonimmune hydrops fetalis, fetal death
34
Rubella
IUGR< postnatal growth retardation, cardiac and great vessel abnormalities, microcephalic, sensorineural deafness, cataract, microphthalmos, glaucoma, pigmented retinopathy, mental defiency, neonatal bleeding, hepatosplenomegaly, osteopathy, tooth defects
35
Heroin
Behavioral Small birth weight CNS Small head
36
Fetal hydantoin syndrome
Phenytoin or hydration anticonvulsants IUGR, microcephalic, mental, ridged frontal suture, inner epicanthic fold, eyelid ptosis, hernia,
37
Trisomy 21
Downs Intellectual, abnormal fancies, heart Nondisjunction
38
Treacher collons
Craniofacial deformities, such as absent cheekbones
39
Digeorge
No thymus and parathyroid glands Cardiac outflow tracts
40
POCS
Ovarian dysfunction along with the cardinal features of hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary morphology Menstrual irregularities, signs of androgen excess, and obesity
41
US poCS
<10 mm in diameter and increased ovarian stroma
42
Ovary is attached to the back of the broad ligament by what
Mesovarium
43
The ___ wall of the vagina is longer than the __ wall
Posterior anterior
44
The posterior fornix is __ than the other cornices
Deeper
45
What is the posterior fornix covered by
Peritoneum of the front of the rectouterine pouch
46
Primary oocytes being the first meiosis division ____ but completion of prophase in meiosis 1 when
Before birth Adolescence *follicular cells surround the primary oocytes secrete a substance, oocytes maturation inhibitor, which arrests the mention process of the oocytes
47
Placenta Previn
Placenta implanted into he lower segment of the uterus
48
Major placenta previa
Placenta is covering the internal cervical os
49
Minor placenta previa
Placenta does not cover the cervical os
50
Placenta previa presentation
Painless bleeding often recurrent in third trimester and US show abnormal placenta location Get it in 3rd trimester as placenta separate
51
Placental abruption
Separated normally positioned placenta from the uterine wall
52
Preeclampsia
After 20th week HTN, proteinuria, and edema
53
Leiomyoma
Benign smooth muscle fibroid
54
PID
Inflammation and infection arising from endocervical leading to endometritis, salpingitis, oophoritis, pelvic peritonitis, formation of the tubo ovarian and pelvic abscesses
55
Where get ectopic pregnancy of abdomen
Pouch of Douglas
56
What is the pouch of Morrison
Between liver and right kidney
57
Retropubic space
Extraperitoneal space between the pubic symphysis and bladder
58
Gastrulation
Blastula is reorganized into ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm
59
Modulation
Cleavage or division of the fertilized ovum usually into a 16 cell structures that resembles a ball
60
Craniofacial caudal folding
Lateral folding of the embryo that transforms it from a flat disc into a 3d tube
61
Cleavage
Division of fertilized ovum
62
Pain fibers above pelvic pain line-uterine fundus and body
Sympathetic
63
Pain structures below the pelvic pain line
Parasympathetic nerves Uterus is above the pelvic line
64
Pain fibers fromt he uterus
Visceral afferent fibers and will only run with sympathetic fibers
65
Marfan
Fibrillin 1 which for a microfibrils and elasticity in many tissues is decreased
66
COL1A1
Type 1 collagen called pro a1 chain. | -osteogenesis imperfects
67
Maternal diabetes
Birth defects-macrosomia (over 8 lb 13 oz) Hard vaginal delivery C section *interspinous distance of concern
68
Cystic hygrometer
Large swelling usually inferolateral part of the neck and consist of large, single or multiocular fluid filled cavities From jugular lymph sac that are pinched off or from lymphatic spaces that do not establish connections with the main lymphatic channels,
69
Lingual cyst
Tongue derived from remnants of thyroglossal duct | Pharyngeal patina Nd dysphagia
70
Fgfr3
Achondroplasia-AD Not forming cartilage but converting it to bone, in long bones Short arms and legs Large head macrocaphaly
71
Denticulate ligaments
21 pairs which take their origin from the pia mater ncc
72
Eisenmengers sydnrome or tardive cyanosis
Left to right shunt caused by a congenital heart defect causes increased flow through the pulmonary vasculature causeing pulmonary HTN and increased pressure right side of heart and reversal of the shunt into a right to left shunt. Cyanosis heart by a long standing intracardiac shunt caused commonly by ventricular septal defects
73
Epstein’s anomaly
Septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve is displaced toward the apex if right ventricle Atrialization if right ventricle Right atrium to enlarge and right ventricle small Initial R toL shunt causes cyanosis.
74
Hemangioma
Benign endothelial cell tumor with increased number of normal or abnormal vessels filled with blood First weeks of life
75
Left horn sinus venosus
Coronary sinus
76
Bulbous cordis and truncus arteriosus
Smooth parts of the right and left ventricles and their corresponding arteries
77
Are
Secretes growth factor causes mesenchyme to form limb bud
78
Cleft foot
One or more rays fail to develop
79
Misplacement of a normally formed appendix
Malrotation of the midgut
80
Vacterl syndrome
Concurrence of birth defects mom 13-19 who took progesterone estrogen birth control pills during development. Vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheal, esophageal, renal and limb anomalies. TOF
81
Pierre robin
AR ncc fail to go to first arch
82
Retinoblastoma
Malignant retina Retina developers fromt he inner and outer layers of the optic cup, which is an invagination of neuroectoderm. The outer thin layer becomes the inner pigmentt epithelium of the retina, whipple the inner layer becomes the light sensitive neural retina
83
Sphincter pupillae of uric
Form neuroectoderm of optic cup
84
Lens
Surface ectoderm

Embryology (12 decks)

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