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Embryology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Dichorionic/diamniotic

A

Fuse or incomplete division of morula (1-3 days)

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2
Q

Monochorionic/Diamniotic

A

Incomplete separation of fusion of blastocysts (4-8 days)

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3
Q

Monochorionic/monoamniotic

A

Incomplete division or fusion of implanted blastocyst(8-13 days)

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4
Q

Conjoined twins

A

Formed embryonic disc incomplete division of fusion

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5
Q

Twin twin transfusion syndrome

A

Monochorionic/diamniotic

Recepient-increases urine production/polyhydramnios-volume overload of uterus

Donor-produce less urine/oligohydramanios ..almost no bladder on US. “Stuck twin”

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6
Q

What causes monozygotic

A

Incomplete fusion or division of embryonic disc

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7
Q

Most common conjoined twin

A

Thoracopagus

Followed by omphalopagus

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8
Q

Minamata disease

A

Methylmercury poisoning

Severe neurological syndrome

Spasticity, seizures, mental defiency

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9
Q

Lead poisoning

A

Learning and behavioral disorders

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10
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Mental and growth retardation and morphogenetic disturbances

Intrauterine growth restriction, mental defiency, microcephalic, ocular anomalies, joint abnormalities, short palpebral fissures, cognitive and neurobehavioral disturbances

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11
Q

Cocain

A

Microencephaly, neurobehavioral disturbances.

Intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity, microcephalic, cerebral infarction, urogenital anomalies, neurobehavioral disturbances

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12
Q

Streptomycin

A

CNVIII nerve defects

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13
Q

Diethylstilbestrol

A

Synthetic non steroidal estrogen once used in pregnancyto prevent breast engorgement.

Risk of vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma and reproductive tract malformations

Abnormalities of uterus and vagina; cervical erosion and ridges

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14
Q

Lithium

A

Heart and great vessel abnormalities in utero

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15
Q

Nicotine

A

Premature delivery, conotruncal defects, urinary tract abnormalities

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16
Q

Androgens and high dose progestogens

A

Varying degree of masculinization of female fetuses; ambiguous external genitalia (labial fusion and clitoral hypertrophy)

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17
Q

Methotrexate

A

Intrauterine growth restriction, skeletal and renal defects

Multiple anomalies, skeletal, face, cranium, limbs and vertebral

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18
Q

Misoprostol

A

Abnormal development of the limbs, ocular defects, cranial nerve defects, and autism spectrum disorders

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19
Q

Phenytoin

A

Fetal hydantoin syndrome, IUGRI microcephalic, metal retardation, ridged metopic suture, inner epicanthic folds, eyelid ptosis, broad, depressed , nasal bridge, phalangeal hypoplasia

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20
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Stained teeth, hypoplasia of enamel

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21
Q

Thalidomide

A

Abnormal development of the limbs; meromelia , Amelia, facial anomalies, systemic

Meromelia-partial absence
Amelia-complete absence

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22
Q

Trimethadione

A

Abnormal development o the limb, v shaped eyebrows, low ears, cleft lip and or palate

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23
Q

Valproic acid

A

Craniofacial anomalies, neural tube defects , often hydrocephalus, heart and skeletal defects, poor postnatal cognitive development

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24
Q

Warfarin

A

Nasal hypoplasia, stipples epiphyses

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25
Q

Polychlorinated biphenyls

A

IUUGRI, skin discoloration

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26
Q

TORCH viruses

A

Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes infections, are some of the most common infections associated with congenital anomalies

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27
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Microcephalic, mental defiency, microphthalmia, hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, cerebral calcifications, hearing loss, neurologic disturbances

Jaundice

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28
Q

Treponema palladium

A

Hydrocephalus, congenital deafness, mental defiency, abnormal teeth and bones,

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29
Q

Varicella

A

Cutaneous scares, neurologic anomalies, cataracts, microphthalmia, horner syndrome, optic atrophy, nystagmus, chorioretinits, microcephalic, mental defiency, skeletal anomalies

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30
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Microcephalic, mental defiency, skeletal anomalies, growth retardation, cataracts

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31
Q

CMV

A

Microcephalic, chorioretinits, sensorineural loss, delayed psychomotor, and mental development, hepatosplenomegaly, hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, brain, calcification

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32
Q

Herpes

A

Skin vesicles and scarring, chorioretinitis, hepatomegaly, thrombocytopenia petechiae, hemolytic anemia, hydranencephaly

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33
Q

Human parvovirus b19

A

Fetal anemia, nonimmune hydrops fetalis, fetal death

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34
Q

Rubella

A

IUGR< postnatal growth retardation, cardiac and great vessel abnormalities, microcephalic, sensorineural deafness, cataract, microphthalmos, glaucoma, pigmented retinopathy, mental defiency, neonatal bleeding, hepatosplenomegaly, osteopathy, tooth defects

35
Q

Heroin

A

Behavioral

Small birth weight
CNS
Small head

36
Q

Fetal hydantoin syndrome

A

Phenytoin or hydration anticonvulsants

IUGR, microcephalic, mental, ridged frontal suture, inner epicanthic fold, eyelid ptosis, hernia,

37
Q

Trisomy 21

A

Downs

Intellectual, abnormal fancies, heart

Nondisjunction

38
Q

Treacher collons

A

Craniofacial deformities, such as absent cheekbones

39
Q

Digeorge

A

No thymus and parathyroid glands

Cardiac outflow tracts

40
Q

POCS

A

Ovarian dysfunction along with the cardinal features of hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary morphology

Menstrual irregularities, signs of androgen excess, and obesity

41
Q

US poCS

A

<10 mm in diameter and increased ovarian stroma

42
Q

Ovary is attached to the back of the broad ligament by what

A

Mesovarium

43
Q

The ___ wall of the vagina is longer than the __ wall

A

Posterior anterior

44
Q

The posterior fornix is __ than the other cornices

A

Deeper

45
Q

What is the posterior fornix covered by

A

Peritoneum of the front of the rectouterine pouch

46
Q

Primary oocytes being the first meiosis division ____ but completion of prophase in meiosis 1 when

A

Before birth

Adolescence

*follicular cells surround the primary oocytes secrete a substance, oocytes maturation inhibitor, which arrests the mention process of the oocytes

47
Q

Placenta Previn

A

Placenta implanted into he lower segment of the uterus

48
Q

Major placenta previa

A

Placenta is covering the internal cervical os

49
Q

Minor placenta previa

A

Placenta does not cover the cervical os

50
Q

Placenta previa presentation

A

Painless bleeding often recurrent in third trimester and US show abnormal placenta location

Get it in 3rd trimester as placenta separate

51
Q

Placental abruption

A

Separated normally positioned placenta from the uterine wall

52
Q

Preeclampsia

A

After 20th week

HTN, proteinuria, and edema

53
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Benign smooth muscle fibroid

54
Q

PID

A

Inflammation and infection arising from endocervical leading to endometritis, salpingitis, oophoritis, pelvic peritonitis, formation of the tubo ovarian and pelvic abscesses

55
Q

Where get ectopic pregnancy of abdomen

A

Pouch of Douglas

56
Q

What is the pouch of Morrison

A

Between liver and right kidney

57
Q

Retropubic space

A

Extraperitoneal space between the pubic symphysis and bladder

58
Q

Gastrulation

A

Blastula is reorganized into ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

59
Q

Modulation

A

Cleavage or division of the fertilized ovum usually into a 16 cell structures that resembles a ball

60
Q

Craniofacial caudal folding

A

Lateral folding of the embryo that transforms it from a flat disc into a 3d tube

61
Q

Cleavage

A

Division of fertilized ovum

62
Q

Pain fibers above pelvic pain line-uterine fundus and body

A

Sympathetic

63
Q

Pain structures below the pelvic pain line

A

Parasympathetic nerves

Uterus is above the pelvic line

64
Q

Pain fibers fromt he uterus

A

Visceral afferent fibers and will only run with sympathetic fibers

65
Q

Marfan

A

Fibrillin 1 which for a microfibrils and elasticity in many tissues is decreased

66
Q

COL1A1

A

Type 1 collagen called pro a1 chain.

-osteogenesis imperfects

67
Q

Maternal diabetes

A

Birth defects-macrosomia (over 8 lb 13 oz)

Hard vaginal delivery

C section
*interspinous distance of concern

68
Q

Cystic hygrometer

A

Large swelling usually inferolateral part of the neck and consist of large, single or multiocular fluid filled cavities

From jugular lymph sac that are pinched off or from lymphatic spaces that do not establish connections with the main lymphatic channels,

69
Q

Lingual cyst

A

Tongue derived from remnants of thyroglossal duct

Pharyngeal patina Nd dysphagia

70
Q

Fgfr3

A

Achondroplasia-AD
Not forming cartilage but converting it to bone, in long bones

Short arms and legs
Large head macrocaphaly

71
Q

Denticulate ligaments

A

21 pairs which take their origin from the pia mater ncc

72
Q

Eisenmengers sydnrome or tardive cyanosis

A

Left to right shunt caused by a congenital heart defect causes increased flow through the pulmonary vasculature causeing pulmonary HTN and increased pressure right side of heart and reversal of the shunt into a right to left shunt.
Cyanosis heart by a long standing intracardiac shunt caused commonly by ventricular septal defects

73
Q

Epstein’s anomaly

A

Septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve is displaced toward the apex if right ventricle

Atrialization if right ventricle

Right atrium to enlarge and right ventricle small

Initial R toL shunt causes cyanosis.

74
Q

Hemangioma

A

Benign endothelial cell tumor with increased number of normal or abnormal vessels filled with blood

First weeks of life

75
Q

Left horn sinus venosus

A

Coronary sinus

76
Q

Bulbous cordis and truncus arteriosus

A

Smooth parts of the right and left ventricles and their corresponding arteries

77
Q

Are

A

Secretes growth factor causes mesenchyme to form limb bud

78
Q

Cleft foot

A

One or more rays fail to develop

79
Q

Misplacement of a normally formed appendix

A

Malrotation of the midgut

80
Q

Vacterl syndrome

A

Concurrence of birth defects mom 13-19 who took progesterone estrogen birth control pills during development.

Vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheal, esophageal, renal and limb anomalies.

TOF

81
Q

Pierre robin

A

AR ncc fail to go to first arch

82
Q

Retinoblastoma

A

Malignant retina

Retina developers fromt he inner and outer layers of the optic cup, which is an invagination of neuroectoderm. The outer thin layer becomes the inner pigmentt epithelium of the retina, whipple the inner layer becomes the light sensitive neural retina

83
Q

Sphincter pupillae of uric

A

Form neuroectoderm of optic cup

84
Q

Lens

A

Surface ectoderm

Embryology (12 decks)

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