Human Reproduction Flashcards
What’s tje appropriate body temperature for the scrotum to produce sperm?
lower than 37c (body temp)
What is the structure inside the testes that produces the sperm?
Semi-niferous tubules
how many sperms are produced daily in the semi-niferous tubules?
100-200 million sperms daily
Where do sperms stay to mature untill ejaculation?
in the Epi-didymis
How does the seminal vesicle contribute to the semen flid of the sperm?
it contributes over half the semen fluid
+
secretes sugar (glucose) for energy, nutrients, proteins, enzymes and nourishment for the sperm
How do the Prostate Glands and the Bulbouretheral Glands contribute to the semen fluid?
Secrete an Alkaline Solutionto neturalize the acidic conditions of the urethra and the female reproductive tact
Is Testosterone an amino-acid or a steroid hormone?
it is a steroid hormone, it can pass through the cell wall of the egg cell in the female reproductive system
What are some function of Testosterone in the male body?
- helps in production of sperm
- secondary male sec-characterstics; body hair, sharp jawline
- helps in deepening the voice
- evetually leads to a receeding hairline or baldness
What causes the male voice to be deeper than the female
ales have longer vocal cods in the Larynx, this results in a deeper voice
Describe the journey of the production of the three male hormones from the brain:
Hypothalumus: GnRH
goes to the Anterior Pituitary
Anterior Pituitary: LH + FSH
travels to Testes through bloodstream
LH: stimulates production of testosterone
FSH: promotes production of sperm
What kind of feed-back system regulates the male reproductive-hormones? And how so?
A negative feedback system, the Hypothalamus starts by detecting testosterone levels in the bloodstream
High levels of Testost.: decreases production of FSH and Lh
and vice versa
what is the approximate size of an ovary?
the size of an almond
what are immature eggs in the ovary called?
Oocytes
What is in egg that is just developmed from an Oocytes called?
An ovum
What is the function of the follicle cells that surround the ovum?
it provides protection and nousihment
What is the name of the tube that connects the ovaries with the uterus?
The oviduct
What is the approximate size of a uterus?
A human fist
What does the increase in GnRH at the beginning of the Follicular Phase stimulate?
The steady increase in the production of LH and FSH in the anterior pituitary
FSH stimulates the maturization of multiple follicles in the ovaries, which hold an oocyte
The maturization of follicle secretes estrogen, which keeps LH and FSH levels low (negative feedback)
What happens when one oocyte is completely mature and is ready for ovulation? and when does that happen?
After a week from the beginning of the follicular phase, one follicle remains and secrets estrogen
After 12 days of estrogen secretion, its high levels, through a positive feedback loop, prompts the hypothalamus to secrete a surge of LH, rupturing the follicle to relase the oocyte
What happens to the follicle that ruptures after releasing the oocyte and rupturing?
It becomes a corpus Leteum, which degenerates and stays in the ovary to release two hormones:
(highest to lowest levels of production)
1. Progesterone
2. Estrogen (keeps LH and FSH levels down through negative feedback to prevent follicular maturaization)
What are the function of Progesterone
- Negative feedback with hypothalamus, prohibiting secretion of GnRH
- Mainting the lining of the endometrium
What happens when an egg is not fertalized?
The corpus leteum degenrates, lowering levels of Progesterone and estrogen, causing the lining of the endometrium to shed, and in the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH
During meiosis-one of the female egg, one of the resulting structures is smaller than the other and degenerates, what is it called?
The polar body
When, during meosis, does an egg rupture through the ovaries and into the oviduct?
During metaphase 2
