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Biology SAAT > Classifications of living organisms > Flashcards

Classifications of living organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Classification

A

The organization of living things into groups based on similarities in the characteristics and evolutionary basis.

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2
Q

Who is the founder of TAXONOMY and The BINOMIAL NAMING SYSTEM

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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3
Q

What is taxonomy

A

Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification of living organisms into groups based on MORPHOLOGY and BEHAVIOR

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4
Q

What is the BINOMIAL Naming System

A

a formal system of naming species of living organisms by giving each one a name composed of 2 PARTS OF LATIN ORIGIN
(Genus & Species respectively)

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5
Q

What are the rules of the Binomial Naming System?

A
  1. The First Letter of the First Word must be UPPERCASE, while the rest are LOWERCASE.
  2. If the name is printed on magazine or scientific paper, the whole name must be *ITALICIZED *
  3. If the name is written by hand, it must be underlined.
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6
Q

What is Taxonomy

A

A hierarchical system used to categorize organisms TO THE SPECIES LEVEL

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7
Q

What are the EIGHT TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION LEVELS

A
  1. Domain: Largest group; contains one or more group
  2. Kingdom: Composed of smaller groups called PHYLA IN ANIMALS, or Divisions in plants and bacteria
  3. Phylum(animals) or** Divisions**(plants): one or more related classes of animals
  4. Class: related orders
  5. Order: families with similar nature or character
  6. Families: a group of one or more genera, especially sharing a common attribute
  7. Genus: closely related species
  8. Species: organisms that share common characteristics and ca reproduce a fertile offspring

DKPCOFGS

p. 127

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8
Q

How many Domains and Kingdom are theRE in MODERN TAXONOMY

A

3 Domains and 6 Kingdoms

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9
Q

What are the three domains of living organisms?

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Eukaryota
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10
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms, and their domain?

A
  1. Eu-bacteria——- -> Bacteria
  2. Archae-bacteria -> Archaea
  3. Animalia ———–> Eukaryota
  4. Plantea ————-> Eukaryota
  5. Fungi —————-> Eukaryota
  6. Protists ————-> Eukaryota
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11
Q

List the characteristics of the domain of Bacteria:

A
  • Cell Wall made up of PEPTIODPGLYCAN
  • Can NOT survive in harsh conditions
  • Membrane-bound organelles are absent
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12
Q

List the characteristics of the domain of Aechaea:

A
  • Cell wall DOES NOT contain PEPTIDOGLYCAN
  • CAN survive in harsh conditions
  • Membrane-bound organelles are absent
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13
Q

List the characteristics of the domain of Eukaryota:

A
  • Membrane-bound organelles are PRESENT
    -Large in size
  • Contains four kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protists.
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14
Q

List the characteristics of the domain of Eukaryota:

A
  • Membrane-bound organelles are PRESENT
    -Large in size
  • Contains four kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protists.
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15
Q

Characteristics of the 4 Kingdoms of Eukaryota:

A

ANIMALIA:
* - Multicellular
* - No cell wall
* - Expresses heterotrophic nutrition
* PLANTAE:
* - Multicellular
* - Cell wall of CELLULOSE
* -Stores carbohydrates in form of starch
FUNGI:
* -Cell wall made up of CHITIN
* -Immobile organisms
* -Do not photosynthesize
PROTISTS:
* -Do not posses highly specialized tissue or organs
* -Classified into 3 groups based on nutrition

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16
Q

Are Viruses considered living organisms?

A

No, thus, they are not a part of the classification system but have their owns.

17
Q

What is an example of a virus?

A

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a virus that causes AIDS

18
Q

Prokaryotes

A
  • Unicellular
  • Microscopic
  • No membrance bound organelles
  • Made up of:
    1. Chromosomes
    2. Capsule(Prevent desiccation of the cell)
    3. Pili (for attachment to surfaces)
    4. Flagellum (For movement)
    5. Cell wall
19
Q

Types of archaebacteria:

A
  1. HALOPHILES : Aerobic organisms that live in very salty environments
  2. Thermoacidphiles: Live in hot and acidic conditions, grow in hot temp(>80c), and acidic conditions(ph 1-2). found in acidic hot springs and sulfur springs
  3. Methanogens: Micro-organisms that consume carbon dioxide and produce methanessalty ground.
20
Q

What is the proccedure of GRAIN STAINGING?

A

METHOD USED TO CLASSIFY BACTERIAL SPCIES INTO TWO LARGE GROUPS:
Gram positive and Gram negative

21
Q

What would GRAM POSTIVIE bacteria look like

A

Dark purpule due to presence of thick layer of peptidoglycan

22
Q

What would GRAM POSITIVE bacteria look like

A

Pink due to the thin layer of peptidoglycan

23
Q

How is the procces of grain staining helpful in real-life?

A

Doctors canuse it to clasify the bacteria, and thus, pick the most sutible medication for it

24
Q

What are the two types of REPRODUCTIONand what do they entail

A
  1. Conjugation: the seXual transmission of genetic material
  2. Binary Fission: the asexual reproduction which is where a parent cell is divided into two exact daugther cells, in optimal conditions, it can take up to 20 minutes
25
Q

What are the benifits of bacteria

A
  1. Normal Flora: a large number of bacteria live in and outside the body. ex, Escherichia, lives int eh intestines, produce vitam K, helps in coagulation
  2. Production of food and medicene: Bacteria is used in food, like yeast, and in medicene, like antibiotics.
  3. Fertilizers: Root nodules, bacteria foud in the roots of plants which ferilizes it.
26
Q

Diseases caused by Bacteria:

A
  • SKIN: Acne
  • DIGESTION: Cholera
  • STD: Syphilis
  • RESPIRATION: Tuberculosis
27
Q

What are viruses

A

A non-living micro-orgnanism that contains a genetic material(DNA or RNA) coated in protein

28
Q

What are the two proccesses virsues use to REPLICATE

A

1.LYSOGENIC CYCLE:
Viral genome is integrated into the host cell genome, the cell replicates the viral genome, allowing it to pass to the daughter cell.
ex, Herpes Simplex Virus
2.LYTIC CYCLE:
Virus introduces its genome intot he host cell and initiates replication by hijacking the host’s cellular machinery, making it copy its viral genome.
ex, Influenza

29
Q

What are RETROVIRUSES?

A
  • Its gentic material is mae up of RNA
  • Uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to form DNA from RNA
    ex, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) –causes–> AIDS
30
Q

Viral diseases that viruses:

A

STD: Aids - Genital Herpes
RESPIRATION: Influenza
CCHILDHOOD DISEASES: Measles Mumps
NERvOUS SYSTEM: Polio Myelitis - Rabies

31
Q

What are PRIONS?

A

Proteins called Proteinaceous Infectious Particle which causes diseases or infections
ex,
- Mad Cow Disease
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob: affects nerve cells in the brain resulting in their rupture.

Biology SAAT (9 decks)

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