Human Reprodictive Systwm Flashcards
Ovaries
Store and release eggs.
The fallopian tubes
Carry the egg to the uterus,fertilisation occurs here.
The uterus
Is where the fertilised egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment.
The cervix
Leads from the vagina to the iteris
The vagina
Holds the male penis during sexual intercourse.
Ovulation
An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28 days. During the 28 menstrual cycle a girls body gets ready in case pregnancy occurs.
The egg is released on day13-15 of the menstrual cycle and it passes along the fallopian tube to the uterus.
Menstruation/period
The lining and a small amount of blood pass out through the vagina (day 1-5)
Fertile period
These are the days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant. Intercourse 2 or 3 days before, during or after ovulation could lead to fertilisation because sperm cells can survive for this long.
Menopause
Signals the end of a females ability to reproduce and also the end of her menstrual cycle. If happens at different ages for different people, typically in the late 40s to early 50s
The testes
Produce sperm
The scrotum
Is where the testes are, it is located outside the body to ensure the temperature is lower than body temperature for healthy sperm.
The epididymus is a coiled tube on the outside of each testis that stores sperm and allows them to Mature fully.
The vast deferens brings the sperm from the testis to the penis.
The seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowpers gland.
Produce seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen, it nourishes the sperm and allow them to swim,
The penis
Enters the female and ejaculates semen
Puberty
Describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (reproductive organs develop). It normally happens between the ages of 10 and 16.
Male puberty
In males, sex hormones are released causing the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face, chest and underarms, the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm.
Female puberty
In females when the sex hormones are released the breasts develop, hips widen, and hair begins to grow on the body.
The first egg is released from the ovaries which leads to the first period occurring.
An egg will be released every month until the menopause.
Fertilisation
During Inter course the man’s penis fills with blood and becomes hard enough to be placed inside the woman’s vagina.
A mixture of sperm cells and seminal fluid called semen is released into the vagina.
The sperm swim up the uterus and into the fallopian tubes.
Fertilisation
If an egg is present in the fallopian tube, and a couple have sexual intercourse, then one of the sperm cells may fuse with it.
The nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse together to form a fertilised egg.
This woman is now pregnant.
Stages of baby development
Zygote- Embryo- Foetus
Zygote- cell division occurs and growth. Egg and sperm fuse to form a single
Embryo, which attaches to the lining of the uterus grows more, and after 8 weeks looks like a human.
Foetus.
Pregnancy
The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks
As the embryo develops in the uterus ir is protected inside a fluid called amniotic fluid.
This fluid provides a cushion for the embryo.
The placenta
Is rich in blood vessels.
It is here at the placenta that food and oxygen from the mothers blood pass into the baby’s blood.
Also wastes such as Carbon dioxide pass from the baby into the mother.
Birth
The birth of a baby begins when the uterus muscles start to contract.
This is called labour.
The bag of amniotic fluid bursts “waters break” and further contractions push the baby out usually head first, through the vagina.
Umbilical cord is cut and the placenta (afterbirth) comes out after.
Lactation
The mother may choose to breastfeed the infant.
The production of breast milk is called lactation.
The first three days of milk is called colostrum- very nutritious, and helps protect the baby from infection.
