Chapter 5 The Path Of Food

Question 1

The main steps in getting and using food are

Answer 1

1. Ingestion: taking in food
2. Digestion: breaking down food
3. Absorption: taking digested food from our intestines into our blood.
4. Assimilation: using the food in the cells of the body.
5. Egestion: discharge of undigested waste.

Question 2

Function of the mouth.

Answer 2

The function of the mouth is tp take in and digest food. Two types of digestion take place in the mouth
Physical digestion
Chemical digestion

Question 3

What is physical digestion

Answer 3

Physical digestion is the breakdown of food using mechanical or physical methods. Example teeth chew and cut food into smaller pieces.

Question 4

What is chemical digestion

Answer 4

Chemical digestion is the breakdown of food using enzymes (
or hydrochloric acid in the stomach)
An enzyme is a chemical (made of protein) produced by the body that speeds up chemical reactions in the body without the enzyme being used up.

Question 5

Catalyst

Answer 5

Is the name given to substances that speed up reactions.
Enzymes are called biological catalysts.

Question 6

Salivary glands

Answer 6

Are located in the cheeks and under the tongue. They produce liquid called saliva. Saliva helps to soften and moisten food. Saliva also contains an enzyme called amylase. Amylase breaks down starch and turns it into a simple sugar called maltose.

Question 7

Oesophagus

Answer 7

The oesophagus, or food pipe, is a muscular tube. It forces food down from the mouth to the stomach using a wave of muscular action(called peristalsis) peristalsis also pushed food through the rest of our intestines.

The muscular action is stimulated by fibre.

Question 8

Stomach

Answer 8

The stomach is a muscular bag that holds food for a few hours.
The stomach is an organ.
The stomach also churns and physically digests and mixes the food.

Question 9

The small intestine

Answer 9

Is a long tube ( about 6 metres) but it has a narrow diameter( about 2.5cm)
It has 2 functions: Digestion and Absorption.
Most digestion takes place in the part of the small intestine just below the stomach.
Two organs, the liver and the pancreas, help to digest food. They pass their products into the small intestine.

Question 10

Liver

Answer 10

The liver is a complex organ that carries out a range of functions.
Liver produces a liquid called bile. Bile passes from the liver to the small intestine . Bile helps to digest fat in the small intestine. The liver is the largest organ inside the body

Question 11

Pancreas

Answer 11

The pancreas produces many digestive enzymes. These enzymes pass form the pancreas into the small intestine, where they help to produce food. The salivary glands, the liver and the pancreas are glands attached to the digestive system they ate called associated glands.

Question 12

Large intestine

Answer 12

The large intestine is about 1.5 metres long. It is about twice the diameter of the small intestine. The semi solid waste material left in the large intestine is called faeces. Faeces are stored in the rectum and pass out of the intestine through the anus. The loss of unabsorped material is called egestion.