Human Physiology Digestion (All) Flashcards
Digestion Parts
Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation, elimination
What is DNA and RNA broken into
Nucleotides
Why is temperature of body 37 degrees
Optimum enzyme controlled temperature.
What process controls the way food moves through the Alimentary Canal
Automatic Nervous System keeps food moving, as it controls the contraction of the fibers of the inner circular muscles in a process knows as peristalsis
Automatic Nervous System
regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.
Where is peristalsis occurring the most and the least
Highest at the esophagus
Lowest at the Intestines
Digestive Process that occurs in the mouth
Mechanic Breakdown, done through chewing
Enzymatic Breakdown, Salivary Amylase - pH 7
Digestive Process that occurs in the Esophagus
None, just persistalsis
Digestive Process that occurs in the Stomach
Mechanic Breakdown, Churning of food
Enzymatic Breakdown, Lined by Gastric Pits that release digestive juices creating an acidic environment for pepsin to function
Stomach has gastric glands, that release digestive acids, that create a low pH. environment of 2 ph. This acidic environment denatures proteins, and other macro molecules. The stomach consists of an epithelium that contains a mucus membrane that prevents acid from damaging the gastric lining.
ph of stomach
Around 2 (1.5 to 3)
Digestive Process that occurs in the liver
Breakdown of toxic products, storage of glucagon, production of bile
Digestive process that occurs in the pancreas
Produce bicarbonate ions that neutralize the stomach acid. Produces enzyme = trypsin, pancreatic amylase, lipase, nuclease, endopeptidase, Insulin production from B cells of islets of Langerhans
Function of Gall bladder
Storage of bile
Small intestine parts
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
pH of small intestine
7
Function of Large intestine
Absorption of h20 and dissolved minerals to form indigestible food residue.
Many bacteria’s are found here that is useful for immune system
Mechanical Digestion parts
Chewing, Segmentation, Churning
Function of uvula
Prevents bolus from entering nasal cavity
Chyme
Semi digested pasta found in the stomach that consists of partially digested food and gastric Juices
Persistalsis
Longitudinal smooth muscles contract and relax
Segmentation
Non adjacent circular muscles contract and relax
Why is segmentation bidirectional
Slows down chyme movement, so there is better absorption of nutrients through the small intestine
Chemical digestion
Enzymes, acid, bile
What does bile consist of
Bile salts
Definition of enzymes
Catalysts that speed up chemical reaction rate by lowering activation energy