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EASA Human Performance > Human Physiology and High Altitudes > Flashcards

Human Physiology and High Altitudes Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System Division

A

Two: 1. Central System - brain and spinal cord, 2. Peripheral - rest

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous system Division

A

Autonomic - organs, bodily funcs, not primarily* under voluntary control e.g. heartbeat.
Sensory-somatic -voluntary control

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3
Q

Three types of blood vessels

A

Arteries (thicker, carry blood away from heart), veins (carry back to heart), capillaries (connected to both, and transports blood to tissue and from tissue to veins)

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4
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

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5
Q

Functions of cardiovscular systems

A
  • Transport oxygen
  • Remove waste products from muscles organs etc.
  • Body temparature regulation
  • Fighting disease by transporting white blood cells
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6
Q

Name two chambers of the heart that perform circulation

A
  • Systemic ciculation
  • Pulmonary circulation
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7
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

tba

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8
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

tba

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9
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

Fat layer that builds up on artries. Causes: smoking, high cholsetrol, high blood pressure, overweight, less of physical activity.

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10
Q

Redout and greyout

A

Greyout - high positive of G (like pulling out of dive), blood forces towards the legs. Can lead to blackout (g-LOC g induced loss of consciousness). Redout - negative G forces (like diving), blood is forced to the brain.

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11
Q

Respiratory main general gole

A

Bring oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide

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12
Q

Functions of the respiratory system

A
  • Gas exchange between external environment
  • Talking
  • Release of chemicls, proteins and enzymnes to help control other body ststem
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13
Q

Respiration

A

Transport of oxygen from outside env. to the cells

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14
Q

External respiration (ventilation)

A

Air entering through lungs and exchanging for carbon dioxcide

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15
Q

Internal respiration

A

Exchange of gases in lungs and body tissues

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16
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Inside the cells, process where oxygen is used to produce energy

17
Q

Oxygen from lungs to cells

A

Through the alveoli sacs into the bloodstream, to be picked up by haemoglobin in red cells (they have affinity for oxygen)

18
Q

Boyle’s Gas Law

A

At const. temp, the pressure of garies varies inversely with volume. (Pressure decreases as volume increases, and viceversa)

19
Q

Charles’ Gas Law

A

At const. pressure, the volume of gas is directly porportinal to its temp.

20
Q

Dalton’s Gas Law

A

Total pressure of gas mixture is equal to the sum of its partial pressure (total general air pressure falls with altitude as does the partial pressure of each gas in this air box (hereby the sum of all partial pressures))

21
Q

Hypoxia

A

Lack of sufficient oxygen to the body tissues including the brain

22
Q

Hypoxia symptoms

A
  • Faulty judgements
  • Euphoria
  • indecision
  • Concentrating difficulties
  • Tingling of skin
  • Clumsiness
23
Q

TUC (Time of *)

A
  • FLNNN (Moderate activity, Minimal activity)
  • FL220 5, 10
  • FL250 2, 3
  • FL280 1, 1.5
  • FL300 0.75, 1.15
  • FL350 0.5, 0.75
  • FL400 12s, 15s
24
Q

Two types of hypoxia and their meaning

A
  • Hypoxic Hypoxia - lack of oxygen taken into the body
  • Anameic Hypoxia - Inability of blood to carry oxygen (either by anemia, or for example carbon monoxide posinoning, which is preferable for the blood to carry)
25
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Overbreathing as a result of psychological distress

26
Q

Treating hyperventiatlion

A
  • Slowing down breath rate (like talking)
  • Breath into and out a bag to increase carbon dioxide levels in the blood
    If recovery is not evident, assume hypoxia. But always assume hypoxia first as its more urgent
27
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

Produced during combustion of fuel in the engine.
Colourless, odorless, tasteless, Haemoglobin has better affinity to it than oxygen.

28
Q

Barotrauma

A

Gases inside the body will want to expand as increasing altitude (=external pressure decreases). If they are trapped, they might cause pain (barotrauma)

29
Q

Henry gas law

A

The amount of dissolved in a solution, is directly porprtoional to the pressure of the gas over the solution (like nitrogen bubbles in blood)

30
Q

Oxygen and carbon dioxide in the pulmonary artery

A

Less oxygen, more carbon

31
Q

Avg. pulse

A

60-80 beats a min

32
Q

avg Cardiac output at rest in litres

A

5 lites/m

33
Q

avg arterial blood pressure

A

120/80 mm Hg

34
Q

avg breathing rate

A

16 cycles /min

35
Q

What is most sensitive to hypoxia

A

night vision

36
Q

At which altitude night vision started being affected

A

5000ft

37
Q

At which altitude short memory affected

A

8000ft

EASA Human Performance (8 decks)

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