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Biology Mine > Human Nutrition > Flashcards

Human Nutrition Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what do carbohydrate contain

A

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

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2
Q

name two large Complex carbohydrates

A

Starch and glycogen ( made up of lots of smaller units)

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3
Q

what are proteins made of

A

Amino acids

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4
Q

what do anion acids contain

A

carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxyg n

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5
Q

what are lipids made from

A

fatty acids and glycerol

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6
Q

how to test for glucose

A

Benedict’s reagent
you add Benedict’s reagent (which is blue) to a sample and heat it make sure the solution doesn’t boil. if test is positive it will form a completed precipitate
blue –> green –> yellow –> orange –> brick red

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7
Q

what’s the test for starch

A

iodine

if starch is present solution changes from Browny orange to a dark blue black

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8
Q

what food are carbohydrates found in

A

pasta, rice , sugar

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9
Q

what do carbohydrates provide

A

energy

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10
Q

where are lipids found

A

butter, oily fish

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11
Q

what to lipids provide

A

enjoy act as am energy store and provide insulation

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12
Q

where are proteins found

A

meat and fish

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13
Q

what is the function of proteins

A

needed for growth and repair of tissue and to provide energy in emergencies

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14
Q

where is vitamin a found

A

liver

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15
Q

what is the function of vitamin a

A

helps to improve vision and keep skin and hair healthy

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16
Q

where is vitamin c found

A

oranges

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17
Q

what is the function of vitamin c

A

to prevent scurvy

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18
Q

where is vitamin D found

A

eggs

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19
Q

what is the function of vitamin D

A

needed to absorb calcium

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20
Q

what vitamin is formed in body due to exposure to sun

A

Vitamin D

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21
Q

two types of mineral ions

A

calcium

iron

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22
Q

where is calcium found

A

milk, cheese

23
Q

what is the function of calcium

A

to make bones and teeth

24
Q

where is iron found

A

red meat

25
Q

what is the function of iron

A

needed to make haemoglobin for healthy blood

26
Q

what is the function of water

A

nearly all bodily fluids function rely on water

constant supply needed to replace water lost through urinating breathing and sweating

27
Q

dietary fiber ( wholemeal bread) function

A

aids the movement of food through the gut

28
Q

what are the 6 essential nutrients the body needs

A 
carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
vitamins 
minerals
water
29
Q

what age range needs more energy

A

children and teenager’s but depends on activity levels

30
Q

how can you measure how much energy food has

A

set the food on fire and see how much it raises the temperature of water by

31
Q

what is the equation to work out energy in joules

A

energy in food = mass of water x temperature change of water x 4.2

32
Q

equation for energy in joules per gram

A

energy per gram of food = energy in food/ mass of food

33
Q

name 3 big molecules that are too big to pass through the walls of the digestive system

A

starch
proteins
fats

34
Q

name 4 molecules that are very small and soluble which can pass easily through the digestive system

A

sugars
amino acids
glycerol
fatty acids

35
Q

what is the role of the digestive system

A

break down big molecules into smaller ones

36
Q

what converts starch into maltose

A

amylase enzyme

37
Q

what converts maltose into glucose

A

maltase

38
Q

what converts proteins into amino acids

A

proteases

39
Q

what converts lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

A

lipases

40
Q

what is bile for

A

neutralising the stomach acid

41
Q

where are the salivary glands

A

I’m the mouth

42
Q

what is produced in salovay

A

amylase enzyme

43
Q

what is the oesophagus

A

a muscular tube that connects the mouth and stomach

44
Q

where is bile produced

A

liver

45
Q

where is bile stored

A

gall bladder

46
Q

what happens in the large intestines

A

excess water is absorbed from food

47
Q

where is the progress enzyme pepsin produced

A

stomach

48
Q

what happens in the pancreas

A

produced protease, amylase and loose enzymes. it releases these onto the small intestine

49
Q

anus

A

where faeces bid your body a fond farewell

50
Q

where are nutrients absorbed

A

small intestine

51
Q

how is food moved through the guy

A

by peristalsis

52
Q

what are the 5 main stages of digestion

A 
ingestion 
digestion 
absorption 
assimilation 
egestion

see page 17

53
Q

what is used to help with absorption in the small intestine

A

villi

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