HUMAN NUTRITION 2

Question 1

Amylase function and products

Answer 1

It breaks down starch into maltose & glucose

Question 2

Protease function and products

Answer 2

Breaks down proteins into amino acids

Question 3

Lipase function and products

Answer 3

Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 4

Where is amylase found

Answer 4

Mouth & duodenum

Question 5

Where is protease found

Answer 5

Stomach & duodenum

Question 6

Where is lipase found

Answer 6

Duodenum

Question 7

What is the epiglottis

Answer 7

A piece of cartilage that stops the bolus from entering the trachea

Question 8

Where is Bile secreted?

Answer 8

In the liver

Question 9

How do Bile salts help in digestion?

Answer 9

They emulsify fats, making it easier for lipase to digest them

Question 10

How does hydrochloric acid help the stomach?

Answer 10

It provides an optimum PH for pepsin which break s down proteins in the stomach and kills harmful bacteria

Question 11

What is diarrhea, how can it be treated?

Answer 11

It is the loss of watery faeces, It can be treated through oral rehydration therapy, where a small amount of sugar and salt is dissolved in water.

Question 12

How does cholera result in diarrhea?

Answer 12

The bacterium secretes toxins, which includes chloride ions
The chloride ions move from the cells into the lumen of the intestine as the water potential in the lumen is low.
Water flows out by osmosis, this results in large volumes of water being present in the intestine, which is passed out as faeces.

Question 13

What is assimilation?

Answer 13

It is the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cell.

Question 14

Why do people with anemia feel tired?

Answer 14

There is a decrease in red blood cells in the patient’s body, resulting in a lack of oxygen to function vital systems such as respiration, it weakens muscles, thus leading to a fatigue body.

Question 15

Where is Bile stored?

Answer 15

It is stored in the gallbladder

Question 16

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 16

It makes the pancreatic juice containing enzymes, enzymes that are needed to breakdown proteins, fats, and starch.

Question 17

Describe the structure and the function of the villus

Answer 17

Tiny finger-like projections present in the small intestine, these villi further have tiny projections known as microvilli. The villi and the microvilli increase the Surface area of the small intestine aiding the absorption of nutrients, by diffusion and active transport.

Question 18

What should the Villi be protected against?

Answer 18

They need to protect against harmful pathogens and any physical damage.

Question 19

Define peristalsis

Answer 19

It is the rhythmic contractions of muscles that ripple along a tube, moving the food further through the alimentary canal.

Question 20

What does the lacteal do?

Answer 20

It absorbs fatty acids and glycerol

Question 21

What do the blood capillaries do?

Answer 21

They absorb small molecules, such as amino acids and sugars

Question 22

State three ways in which the small intestine is adapted for absorption

Answer 22

It is long 5m- Plenty of time for digestion to occur and helps digested food absorb as it slowly passes through.
Villi, with further tiny projection, the microvilli- Increases the surface area, the larger the surface area the faster the nutrients can be absorbed.
Villi has walls that are only a cell thick-
The digested nutrients can easily cross the wall to reach the blood capillaries and the lacteal (Faster rate of diffusion).

Question 23

Deine absorption

Answer 23

The movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the small intestine to the blood.

Question 24

Define egestion

Answer 24

The passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed, as faeces through the anus.

Question 25

Define ingestion

Answer 25

Taking in of substances into the body through the mouth

Question 26

Define chemical digestion

Answer 26

The breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

Question 27

Define mechanical digestion

Answer 27

The breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to food molecules