Human Nutrition

Question 1

Human nutrition

Answer 1

Describes the science of food and how it affects our health

Question 2

Function

Answer 2

Job or role played by a structure or organism

Question 3

Why is food important

Answer 3

• to provide energy
• to provide raw materials for growth of new cells
• to repair tissue

Question 4

What are the 5 food groups

Answer 4

• carbohydrates
• fats
• proteins
• vitamins
• minerals

Question 5

What is the function of carbohydrates

Answer 5

Main source of energy in the body

Question 6

What foods are carbohydrates found in

Answer 6

Potatoes, bread, sugar

Question 7

Name the elements in carbohydrates

Answer 7

• carbon (C)
• hydrogen (H)
• oxygen (O)

Question 8

What are carbohydrates made up of

Answer 8

Simple sugars (monosaccharides)

Question 9

Do monosaccharides (simple sugars) act long or quick

Answer 9

Quick acting - Fast short acting

Question 10

When two simple sugars join together, what do they form

Answer 10

Disaccharides

Question 11

When small submits link up, what do they make

Answer 11

Complex carbohydrates

Question 12

Do complex carbohydrates act long or quick

Answer 12

Long acting - long lasting energy

Question 13

Name 2 examples of a monosaccharide

Answer 13

Glucose, fructose

Question 14

Name two examples of a disaccharide

Answer 14

Sucrose, lactose

Question 15

Name 2 examples of a complex carbohydrates

Answer 15

Starch, fibre

Question 16

How can fats be found

Answer 16

As liquids or solids

Question 17

Name 3 functions of fats

Answer 17

• they provide heat insulation
• they form part of the cell membrane
• they provide a protective layer around organs

Question 18

Name the elements in fats

Answer 18

• carbon (C)
• hydrogen (H)
• oxygen - very little(O)

Question 19

What are the two types of fats

Answer 19

Saturated & unsaturated

Question 20

How much energy do proteins contain

Answer 20

The same amount as carbohydrates

Question 21

Name 4 functions of proteins

Answer 21

• growth and repair
• they provide energy
• they form muscle
• they form hair, skin, feathers and nails

Question 22

What are vitamins needed for

Answer 22

Growth and protection against disease (only tiny amounts are needed of them)

Question 23

Soluble

Answer 23

Something will dissolve or melt

Question 24

Name 2 vitamins that are water soluble

Answer 24

Vitamin B & C

Question 25

Name 2 vitamins that are fat soluble

Answer 25

Vitamin A, D, E, & K

Question 26

Name a source, function and deficiency for vitamin A

Answer 26

- whole milk - needed for good eyesight - poor skin

Question 27

Name a source, function and deficiency for vitamin B

Answer 27

- red meat - controls the release of energy from food - issues for the nervous and muscular systems

Question 28

Name a source, function and deficiency for vitamin C

Answer 28

- citrus fruit - healthy gums and skin - bleeding gums

Question 29

Name a source, function and deficiency for vitamin D

Answer 29

- sunshine - needed for healthy bones and teeth - rickets

Question 30

Name a source, function and deficiency for vitamin K

Answer 30

- green vegetables (kale) - needed to clot blood - wounds that heal slowly

Question 31

What does calcium do

Answer 31

Builds and maintains strong bones (does the same for a cell wall in plants)

Question 32

What does zinc do

Answer 32

Helps with the immune system (wound healing)

Question 33

What does magnesium do

Answer 33

Helps with nerve and muscle functions

Question 34

What does iron do, and what is a deficiency

Answer 34

Forms haemoglobin, a deficiency realist can be anemia

Question 35

What does potassium do

Answer 35

It helps muscles function (heart and lungs)

Question 36

What are the elements in water

Answer 36

Hydrogen H Oxygen O

Question 37

What are human cells made up of

Answer 37

70% - 90% of water

Question 38

Name 3 functions of water

Answer 38

- for use in chemical reactions inside our cells - To help transport nutrients -To help control our body temperature

Question 39

What is the energy from food measured in?

Answer 39

Kilojoules (kj)

Question 40

What can the ‘right amount’ of each food group depend on?

Answer 40

- age - Biological sex - Activity level - General health