human nutrition Flashcards
what is a healthy diet
a healthy diet means eating a mix of foods that provide all nutrients your body need to stay healthy, including , carbohydrates, protein, fats, minerals vitamin C and D, fibre
what are the dietary sources and importance if carbohydrates, fats and oils, proteins, vitamin C and D, minerals, fibre and water
-carbohydrates= found in bread, rice and pasta. they are the body’s prime source of energy, fueling muscles and our brain.
-proteins= found in meats, eggs, fish, dairy. essential for building and repairing tissues
-fats and oils= found in nuts, seeds, oils and fatty fish. they provide energy, help absorb vitamin and support heart and brain health
- vitamin C and D= vit C is found in fruits, veg. help with wound healing and immunity. vit D found in sunlight and is crucial for supporting bone health
-minerals= found in dairy, leafy greens, meat and beans. support strong bones/teeth and making healthy blood cells
- fibre= found in whole grains, fruits and veg. aids digestion and helps control blood sugar.
-water = is essential for hydration, regulating body temp and bodily functions.
what are the causes of rickets and scurvy
scurvy- is caused by lack of vitamin C
rickets- is caused by lack of vitamin D in the body or diet.
what is physical digestion
physical digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without a chemical reaction/ change to the food molecules
what does physical digestion do
it increases the surface area of food for the action of enzymes in chemical digestion
the layers of he human teeth
-enamel= protects the tooth.
-dentine= gives it structure
-pulp= has nerves and blood vessels
-cementum= covers the root
-nerves= sense pain and temp
-gums= keep tooth safe from germs
how does the stomach physically digest food
by mixing food with digestive juices to form a mushy mixture called chyme. muscles in the stomach wall squeeze and churn the food, breaking it down into smaller pieces. this makes it easier for the body to absorb the nutrients later on.
what is chemical digestion
chemical digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble molecules to small soluble molecules
what is the role of chemical digestion
producing small soluble molecules that can be absorbed
what are the functions of amylase, protease and lipase
-amylase= breaks down starch to simple reducing sugars
-protease= breaks down protein into amino acids
-lipase= breaks down fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol
where is amylase secreted and whats its action
secreted= in the mouth by saliva glands in the pancreas
action= starts breaking down starches into sugars in the mouth and continues in the small intestine
where is the protease secreted and whats its action
secreted= in the stomach by gastric glands and in the pancreas
action= breaks down proteins into smaller pieces in the stomach and continues in the small intestine
where is the lipase secreted and whats its action
secreted= in the pancreas and to some extent in the mouth and stomach
action= breaks down fats into smaller pieces in the small intestine
what is the digestion of starch in the digestive system (amylase and maltose)
amylase= breaks down starch to maltose
maltase= breaks down maltose to glucose in the small intestine.
what is the digeston of protein by protesase
pepsin- breaks down protein in the acidic conditions of the stomach
trypsin- breaks down protein in the alkaline conditions of the small intestine
