Human Needs And Work

Question 1

Theory X & Y by?

Answer 1

McGregor

Question 2

Basic assumptions of T. X

Answer 2

• Innate Aversion to work
• passive and lazy
• forced to make a productive contribution
• little ambition
• Strong need for security

Question 3

Basic Assumptions of T. Y

Answer 3

• physical + mental exertion are natural
• people are engaged
• develop initiative and self control
• people seek and take responsibility
• ideal type

Question 4

Cycle Y

Answer 4

Is a cycle that:

• promotes initiative and responsibility
• continuously strengthens employee engagement
• Is good for both company and employee
• implies a good work ethic

Question 5

Cycle X

Answer 5

Is a cycle that:

• doesn’t promote initiative and responsibility
• describes a lazy worker in a strict environment that leads to passivity
• implies a bad work ethic

Question 6

Schein‘s typology of man

Answer 6

• The rational economic human
• the social human
• the self-fulfilling human
• the complex human

Question 7

The rational-economic human

Answer 7

• Motivated by money
• improvement in performance by higher pay
• passive
• theory X

Question 8

The social human

Answer 8

• Job satisfaction dependent on interpersonal relationships

- desire to be involved in group work

Question 9

The self-fulfilling human

Answer 9

• Strives for autonomy and self-realization
• Prefers self-control
• theory Y

Question 10

The complex human

Answer 10

• multifaceted person
• versatile / constantly changing
• different motives

Question 11

Maslows hierarchy of needs

Answer 11

1. physiological needs
2. security and safety needs
3. social needs
4. Esteem needs
5. Self-actualisation needs

Question 12

Herzbergs two factor theory

Answer 12

Hygiene factors & motivators

Question 13

Hygiene factors

Answer 13

Lead to dissatisfaction:

• company policy
• Surveillance
• relation to superiors

Question 14

Motivators

Answer 14

Lead to satisfaction:

• performance
• appreciation
• work itself
• responsibility

Question 15

Adams Equity theory of motivation

Answer 15

Input = Output
(time effort, (Pay, bonus,
ability loyalty) Perks, benefits)

Question 16

Vrooms expectancy theory of motivation

Answer 16

Motivation =

Effort x Performance x Rewards 
(Expectancy*instrumentality*valence)
Will my effort lead to high performance?
Will my performance lead to outcomes?
Will I find the outcomes desirable?

Question 17

Work performance is influenced by?

Answer 17

• Performance conditions
• the ability&capability to perform
• readiness to perform

Question 18

Performance disposition during the day

Answer 18

Peaks at: 10:00-11:00 & 16:00-20:00

Troughs at: 14:00-15:00 & 24:00-05:00

Question 19

Incentive schemes

Answer 19

Material Elements & intangible Elements

(Wages, co. cars) (Status, guarantees)