Human Nature-done :)

Question 1

What is meant by human nature?

Answer 1

-general psychological characteristics, feelings, and behavioural traits of humankind, regarded as shared by all humans.

Question 2

Whilst there is some disagreement over…

Answer 2

…the effects of capitalism on our human nature and how this can be guided back to it’s natural state.

Question 3

The main argument of the human nature essay?

It is a stronger argument to suggest…

Answer 3

…socialists agree to a large extent over human nature.

Question 4

Two main points of the human nature essay? (where do they agree).

Answer 4

1. Agree with an optimisitc view of human nature- common humanity+ gravitation toward collectivism + sociability.
2. Agree that human nature is plyable, shaped by environment and different depending on the person.

Question 5

Two main counterpoints of the human nature essay? (where do they disagree)

Answer 5

1. Disagree on the level of corruption capitalism has caused to people.
2. Disagree on the solution to the negative impacts of capitalism on human nature.

Question 6

Which socialists agree with an optimistic view of human nature, a common humanity + a gravitation toward collectivism +socialism?

Answer 6

-Marxists +Utopian socialits+ Giddens- Natural state of fraternity, cooperation,selflessness and alturism (others first).
Luxemburg- Fraternity + Alturism flourish in socialist communities

Question 7

Which socialists agree that human nature is plyable, shaped by the environment (including economy +level of equality) , and different depending on the person?

Answer 7

-Webb +Crosland- capitalism has created inequality - wasteful nature- explotation impact on human nature.+Giddens- recognises communal responsibility needs to be in place to offset negative impacts of capitalism.
** Marx** removal of capitalism + Crosland- welfare- both want to remedy inequality

Question 8

Which socialists disagree with each other over the degree of corruption capitalism has caused?

Answer 8

Revolutionary- Marx human nature ‘deformed’ by capitalism and a ‘consciousness of the Bourgeoisie’
-Luxemburg- Marx overstated corruption- w/c communities already working together.
Crosland- people retain a strong sense of fairness and instincivley desire inequality.

Question 9

Which socialists disagree with each other over the solution to the negative impacts of capitalism?

Answer 9

-Marx- revolution necessary- communal society based on common ownership- human condition plastic.
-Luxemburg- need for general elections, ‘without a free srtuggle of opinion, life dies in every institution’
Webb- gradual reform of the state. ‘the inevitibility of gradualness’
-Crosland- greater social equality (comprehensive eduction) - no communal owership- infringe individualism
-Giddens- opportunities to escape poverty- communitarianism- individualism + free market.

Question 10

Luxemburg quote under the solution for negative impacts of capitalism?

Answer 10

‘without a free struggle of opinion, life dies in every institution’