Human Muscle

Question 1

Parallel fiber arrangements

Answer 1

-fibers run parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle
-long fibers but less number per CSA
-fast shortening speeds
-move through large ROM

Question 2

Pennate Muscles

Answer 2

-short attached to one or more tendons
-greater number per CSA
-less ROM than parallel
-more force

Question 3

triangular

Answer 3

-muscle that covers a broad surface
-some to a single common attachment point

Question 4

quadrate

Answer 4

-quadrilateral
-flat
-typically small
-predominately fusiform/parallel

Question 5

angle of pennation

Answer 5

-increases as muscle contraction increases in muscle fiber
-changes in line of pull of whole muscle
-smaller angle favors greater force applies to muscle tendon

Question 6

slow fibers (type 1)

Answer 6

SLOW contraction speed
SLOW fatigue rate
SMALL diameter
LOW force production
HIGH mitochondria concentration
AEROBIC energy system

Question 7

type 2a

Answer 7

INTERMEDIATE contraction speed
INTERMEDIATE fatigue rate
INTERMEDIATE diameter
INTERMEDIATE force production
INTERMEDIATE mitochondrial concentration
both aerobic and anaerobic

Question 8

type 2b

Answer 8

FAST contraction speed
FAST fatigue rate
LARGE diameter
HIGH force production
LOW mitochondrial concentration
ANAEROBIC

Question 9

fast twitch

Answer 9

-reach peak force quickly
-reach relaxation quickly

Question 10

slow twitch

Answer 10

-reach peak force slowly
-reach relaxation slowly

Question 11

PEC

Answer 11

-passive muscle is relaxed
-passive elasticity derived from muscle membranes (fascia)
-resistance to passive stretch

Question 12

SEC

Answer 12

-connective tissue has ability to recoil
-Only stretched with muscle is contracted
-adds to force production

Question 13

musculo-tendinous junction

Answer 13

-connection between myofibrils and fibrils
-several folds increase strength
-resist tensile forces